Garcia-Marques Teresa, Silva Rita R, Mello Joana, Hansen Jochim
William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Portugal.
Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Apr;195:71-79. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Mar 19.
Previous research has shown that fluency effects are driven by discrepancies between current and baseline fluency. Thus, illusions of truth associated with repetition (which increases statement fluency and its perceived truth-value relative to new statements) are less likely to occur when participants judge pure lists of either all-repeated or all-new statements and comparisons are between-participants, than when participants judge mixed lists and comparisons are within-participants. Still, there are demonstrations of between-participants illusions of truth in the literature. In this manuscript, we explain the emergence of between-participants truth effects in terms of hypothetical dynamic updating of fluency standards. The findings of two experiments provide evidence for this hypothesis by showing that between-participants truth effects occur most strongly for the first elements of the statement list but are reduced over time. The findings suggest that the dynamics of fluency experiences contribute to the truth effect and should be taken into account when investigating illusions of truth.
先前的研究表明，流畅性效应是由当前流畅性与基线流畅性之间的差异驱动的。因此，当参与者判断全重复或全新陈述的纯列表且比较是在参与者之间进行时，与重复相关的真相错觉（相对于新陈述，重复会提高陈述流畅性及其感知真值）比参与者判断混合列表且比较是在参与者内部进行时更不容易出现。尽管如此，文献中仍有关于参与者之间真相错觉的论证。在本手稿中，我们根据流畅性标准的假设动态更新来解释参与者之间真相效应的出现。两项实验的结果为这一假设提供了证据，表明参与者之间的真相效应在陈述列表的第一个元素上最为强烈，但会随着时间而减弱。这些发现表明，流畅性体验的动态变化促成了真相效应，在研究真相错觉时应予以考虑。
