Parks Colleen M, Toth Jeffrey P
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2006 Jun;13(2):225-53. doi: 10.1080/138255890968691.
Research has shown that repeated statements are rated as more credible than new statements. However, little research has examined whether such "illusions of truth" can be produced by contextual (nonmnemonic) influences, or compared to the magnitude of these illusions in younger and older adults. In two experiments, we examined how manipulations of perceptual and conceptual fluency influenced truth and familiarity ratings made by young and older adults. Stimuli were claims about companies or products varying in normative familiarity. Results showed only small effects of perceptual fluency on rated truth or familiarity. In contrast, manipulating conceptual fluency via semantic/textual context had much larger effects on rated truth and familiarity, with the effects modulated by normative company familiarity such that fluency biases were larger for lesser-known companies. In both experiments, young and older adults were equally susceptible to fluency-based biases.
研究表明，重复陈述比新陈述被认为更可信。然而，很少有研究考察这种“真相错觉”是否能由情境（非记忆性）影响产生，或者比较年轻人和老年人中这些错觉的程度。在两项实验中，我们考察了感知流畅性和概念流畅性的操纵如何影响年轻人和老年人做出的真相和熟悉度评级。刺激物是关于规范性熟悉程度不同的公司或产品的声明。结果表明，感知流畅性对评级真相或熟悉度的影响很小。相比之下，通过语义/文本背景操纵概念流畅性对评级真相和熟悉度的影响要大得多，这种影响受规范性公司熟悉度的调节，即对于不太知名的公司，流畅性偏差更大。在两项实验中，年轻人和老年人同样容易受到基于流畅性的偏差影响。
