Unkelbach Christian
Psychologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2007 Jan;33(1):219-30. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.1.219.
Repeated statements receive higher truth ratings than new statements. Given that repetition leads to greater experienced processing fluency, the author proposes that fluency is used in truth judgments according to its ecological validity. Thus, the truth effect occurs because people learn that fluency and truth tend to be positively correlated. Three experiments tested this notion. Experiment 1 replicated the truth effect by directly manipulating processing fluency; Experiment 2 reversed the effect by manipulating the correlation between fluency and truth in a learning phase. Experiment 3 generalized this reversal by showing a transfer of a negative correlation between perceptual fluency (due to color contrast) and truth to truth judgments when fluency is due to prior exposure (i.e., repetition).
重复的陈述比新的陈述获得更高的真实度评级。鉴于重复会带来更高的体验性加工流畅性，作者提出流畅性根据其生态效度被用于真实性判断。因此，真实效应的出现是因为人们认识到流畅性和真实性往往呈正相关。三项实验对这一观点进行了检验。实验1通过直接操纵加工流畅性复制了真实效应；实验2在学习阶段操纵流畅性与真实性之间的相关性从而逆转了这一效应。实验3通过展示当流畅性源于先前接触（即重复）时，知觉流畅性（由于颜色对比）与真实性之间的负相关向真实性判断的转移，推广了这种逆转。
