Azari-Hamidian Shahyad, Norouzi Behzad, Harbach Ralph E
Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Acta Trop. 2019 Jun;194:106-122. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.019. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are the most significant arthropods of medical importance because of the burden of diseases, such as malaria, encephalitis and filariasis, which are caused by pathogens and parasites they transmit to humans. In 2007, the most recently published checklist of Iranian mosquitoes included 64 species representing seven genera. Public databases were searched to the end of August 2018 for publications concerning the diseases in Iran caused by mosquito-borne pathogens. Pertinent information was extracted and analyzed, and the checklist of Iranian mosquitoes was updated. Six arboviral diseases, two bacterial diseases, four helminthic diseases and two protozoal diseases occur in Iran. The agents of these diseases are biologically or mechanically known or assumed to be transmitted by mosquitoes. The updated checklist of Iranian mosquitoes includes 69 species representing seven or 11 genera depending on the generic classification of aedines. There is no published information about the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of the causal agents of avian malaria, avian pox, bovine ephemeral fever, dengue fever, Rift Valley fever, Sindbis fever, Deraiophoronema evansi infection, lymphatic filariasis, anthrax and tularemia in Iran. There is just one imported case of lymphatic filariasis, which is not endemic in the country. It seems arthropods do not play an important role in the epidemiology of anthrax and ixodid ticks are the main vectors of the tularemia bacterium. In view of the recent finding of only a few adults and larvae of Aedes albopictus in southeastern Iran and the absence of Ae. aegypti, it is not possible to infer the indigenous transmission of the dengue fever virus in Iran. Considering the importance of mosquito-borne diseases in the country, it is necessary to improve vector and vector-borne disease surveillance in order to apply the best integrated vector management interventions as a part of the One Health concept.
蚊子（双翅目：蚊科）是医学上最重要的节肢动物，因为它们传播的病原体和寄生虫会引发疟疾、脑炎和丝虫病等疾病，给人类带来沉重负担。2007年，伊朗最新发布的蚊子名录包含代表7个属的64个物种。截至2018年8月底，在公共数据库中搜索了有关伊朗由蚊媒病原体引起的疾病的出版物。提取并分析了相关信息，并更新了伊朗蚊子名录。伊朗有6种虫媒病毒病、2种细菌病、4种蠕虫病和2种原生动物病。这些疾病的病原体在生物学上或通过机械方式已知或被认为是由蚊子传播的。根据伊蚊的分类，更新后的伊朗蚊子名录包含代表7个或11个属的69个物种。在伊朗，关于蚊子在传播禽疟疾、禽痘、牛流行热、登革热、裂谷热、辛德毕斯热、伊氏德雷吸虫感染、淋巴丝虫病、炭疽和兔热病病原体中的作用，尚无公开信息。仅发现1例输入性淋巴丝虫病病例，该病在该国并非地方病。节肢动物似乎在炭疽的流行病学中不起重要作用，硬蜱是兔热病细菌的主要传播媒介。鉴于最近在伊朗东南部仅发现了少数白纹伊蚊成虫和幼虫，且未发现埃及伊蚊，因此无法推断伊朗存在登革热病毒的本土传播。考虑到该国蚊媒疾病的重要性，有必要加强病媒及病媒传播疾病的监测，以便作为“同一健康”理念的一部分应用最佳的综合病媒管理干预措施。
