Inserm U1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Paris, France.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Jun;15(6):356-365. doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0194-6.
The principal role of prolactin in mammals is the regulation of lactation. Prolactin is a hormone that is mainly synthesized and secreted by lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin signalling occurs via a unique transmembrane prolactin receptor (PRL-R). The structure of the PRL-R has now been elucidated and is similar to that of many biologically fundamental receptors of the class 1 haematopoietic cytokine receptor family such as the growth hormone receptor. The PRL-R is expressed in a wide array of tissues, and a growing number of biological processes continue to be attributed to prolactin. In this Review, we focus on the newly discovered roles of prolactin in human health and disease, particularly its involvement in metabolic homeostasis including body weight control, adipose tissue, skin and hair follicles, pancreas, bone, the adrenal response to stress, the control of lactotroph cell homeostasis and maternal behaviour. New data concerning the pathological states of hypoprolactinaemia and hyperprolactinaemia will also be presented and discussed.
催乳素在哺乳动物中的主要作用是调节泌乳。催乳素是一种主要由垂体前叶的泌乳细胞合成和分泌的激素。催乳素信号通过独特的跨膜催乳素受体（PRL-R）传递。PRL-R 的结构现已阐明，与许多生物学上基本的 1 类造血细胞因子受体家族的受体相似，如生长激素受体。PRL-R 在广泛的组织中表达，越来越多的生物学过程被归因于催乳素。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍催乳素在人类健康和疾病中的新发现作用，特别是它在代谢稳态中的作用，包括体重控制、脂肪组织、皮肤和毛囊、胰腺、骨骼、对压力的肾上腺反应、泌乳细胞稳态的控制和母性行为。还将介绍和讨论有关低催乳素血症和高催乳素血症的病理状态的新数据。
