Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark.
Waste Manag. 2019 Mar 1;86:54-66. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.005. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
A life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed on five garden waste treatment practices: the production of mature compost including the woody fraction (MCIW), the production of mature compost without the woody fraction (MCWW), the production of immature compost without the woody fraction (ICWW), fresh garden waste including the woody fraction (GWIW) and fresh garden waste without the woody fraction (GWWW). The assessment included carbon sequestration after land application of the garden waste and composts, and associated emissions. The removed woody fraction was incinerated and energy recovery included as heat and electricity. The functional unit of the assessment was treatment of 1000 kg of garden waste generated in Denmark. Overall, the results showed that composting of garden waste resulted in comparable or higher environmental impact potentials (depletion of abiotic resources, marine eutrophication, and terrestrial eutrophication and acidification) than no treatment before land application. The toxicity potentials showed the highest normalised impact potentials for all the scenarios, but were unaffected by the different garden waste treatments. The choice of energy source for substituted heat and electricity production affected the performance of the different treatment scenarios with respect to climate change. The scenarios with removal of the woody fraction performed better than the scenarios without removal of the woody fraction when fossil energy sources were substituted, but performed worse when renewable energy sources were substituted. Furthermore, the study showed the importance of including long-term emission factors after land application of fresh and composted garden waste products since the greatest proportion of carbon and nitrogen emissions occurred after land application in three out of the five scenarios for carbon and in all scenarios for nitrogen.
对五种园林废物处理方法进行了生命周期评估（LCA）：包括木质部分的成熟堆肥生产（MCIW）、不包括木质部分的成熟堆肥生产（MCWW）、不包括木质部分的未成熟堆肥生产（ICWW）、包括木质部分的新鲜园林废物（GWIW）和不包括木质部分的新鲜园林废物（GWWW）。评估包括园林废物和堆肥土地应用后的碳固存以及相关排放。去除的木质部分被焚烧，并将能源回收作为热能和电力纳入其中。评估的功能单位是丹麦产生的 1000 公斤园林废物的处理。总体而言，结果表明，与不进行土地应用前的处理相比，园林废物堆肥导致的环境影响潜力（非生物资源枯竭、海洋富营养化以及陆地富营养化和酸化）相当或更高。毒性潜力显示出所有情景下最高的归一化影响潜力，但不受不同园林废物处理的影响。替代热力和电力生产的能源选择会影响不同处理方案的气候变化性能。当替代化石能源时，去除木质部分的方案比不去除木质部分的方案表现更好，但当替代可再生能源时，表现更差。此外，该研究表明，在土地应用新鲜和堆肥园林废物产品后纳入长期排放因素的重要性，因为在五个情景中的三个情景中，以及在所有情景中，碳和氮的最大比例排放发生在土地应用之后。
