Park D L, Aguirre-Flores I, Scott W F, Alterman E
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1986;18(4):589-94. doi: 10.1080/15287398609530896.
The chicken embryo, brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and selected bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus flavus, and Bacillus subtilis) were evaluated as alternative test systems for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxicity (saxitoxin). Dose levels ranging from 0.045 to 0.3 microgram were administered to the developing embryo through the air cell at either 0 or 96 h following incubation. Embryos dosed 96 h after incubation were the most sensitive, with 100% mortality at the 0.11-microgram dose level 24 h following exposure. Embryo mortality was 42% at to 0.3-microgram dose level when the toxin was administered at 0 h. Some embryonic malformations were observed in the 0-h treatment group. Brine-shrimp larvae were sensitive to saxitoxin at a dose level of 5 micrograms. A dose response based on mortality was apparent only 48 h after dosing. Limited growth inhibition was observed with the bacteria tested at concentrations between 0.0035 and 0.35 microgram and 0.35 microgram/well.
对鸡胚、卤虫（卤虫）和选定的细菌（表皮葡萄球菌、黄微球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌）作为测定麻痹性贝类中毒毒性（石房蛤毒素）的替代测试系统进行了评估。在孵化后0或96小时，通过气室向发育中的胚胎施用0.045至0.3微克的剂量水平。孵化后96小时给药的胚胎最敏感，在暴露后24小时，0.11微克剂量水平下死亡率为100%。当在0小时施用毒素时，0.3微克剂量水平下胚胎死亡率为42%。在0小时治疗组中观察到一些胚胎畸形。卤虫幼虫对5微克剂量水平的石房蛤毒素敏感。仅在给药后48小时，基于死亡率的剂量反应才明显。在所测试的细菌中，在0.0035至0.35微克和0.35微克/孔的浓度下观察到有限的生长抑制。
