García Ascaso Marta Taida, Pérez Purificación Ros, Alcol Esmeralda Colino, López Agustín López, de Lucas Collantes Carmen, Santos Isabel Millán, Tessier Elise, Segura Susana Ares
Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2019 Apr;30:52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Iodine deficiency inhibits the normal development of human beings and is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation. Our study aims to update the urinary iodine concentrations and the intake of iodized salt in children in Madrid (Spain).
A cross-sectional study was designed where 217 children aged 3-14 years old were studied. A nutritional survey including the intake of iodized salt and other iodine-rich foods was performed. In addition, the urinary concentration of iodine was determined in each patient.
Near 60% of the surveyed households routinely used iodized salt. Significant differences in age, sex, country of birth, or country of birth and parents educational levels and iodized salt consumption were not found. The median of the urinary iodine level (120 μg/L; interquartile range 80-184) was significantly higher in boys than girls and more elevated in younger children. Iodized salt and milk consumption significantly increased the concentration of urinary iodine. Children who drank less than two glasses of milk per day and did not consume iodized salt have four times the risk of iodine deficiency compared to children who daily drank at least two glasses of milk and consumed iodized salt (P < 0.001).
The nutritional level of iodine in the children studied is appropriate despite the low consumption of iodized salt. This is due to the consumption of dairy products and milk. The younger the child, the better his/her iodine nutritional level. Teenagers studied are at higher risk of iodine deficiency.
碘缺乏会抑制人类正常发育，是可预防智力发育迟缓的主要原因。我们的研究旨在更新西班牙马德里儿童的尿碘浓度及碘盐摄入量。
设计了一项横断面研究，对217名3至14岁儿童进行研究。开展了一项营养调查，包括碘盐及其他富碘食物的摄入量。此外，测定了每位患者的尿碘浓度。
近60%的被调查家庭经常使用碘盐。未发现年龄、性别、出生国家、父母教育水平与碘盐消费之间存在显著差异。男孩的尿碘水平中位数（120μg/L；四分位间距80 - 184）显著高于女孩，且年幼儿童的尿碘水平更高。碘盐和牛奶消费显著提高了尿碘浓度。与每天至少喝两杯牛奶且食用碘盐的儿童相比，每天喝牛奶少于两杯且不食用碘盐的儿童碘缺乏风险高四倍（P < 0.001）。
尽管碘盐消费量低，但所研究儿童的碘营养水平适宜。这归因于乳制品和牛奶的消费。儿童年龄越小，其碘营养水平越好。所研究的青少年碘缺乏风险更高。
