Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650224, China.
The Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, 650224, China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 26;9(1):5193. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41656-6.
The galls induced by Schlechtendaia chinensis, Schlechtendaia peitan and Nurudea shiraii on Rhus chinensis and gall induced by Kaburagia rhusicola rhusicola on Rhus potaninii Maxim. are the largest plant galls and have great economic and medical values. We examined the structures of galls and their functional adaptation using various macro- and microscopic techniques. The highly adapted structures include a stalk at the base that is specialized for mechanical support and transport of nutrients for aphids, and a network of vascular bundles which accompanying schizogenous ducts arranged in a way to best support aphid feeding and population growth. There are many circular and semicircular xylems traces in an ensiform gall in cross sectional views, which would provide more nutrition and occupy less space. We infer the evolution trail was flower-like gall, horned gall, circular gall and ensiform gall. And the possible evolutionary trend of the gall was bigger chamber, more stable mechanical supporting, easier for exchanging substance and transporting nutrients.
麻疯树、云南泡核桃和四川泡核桃上由 Schlechtendaia chinensis、Schlechtendaia peitan 和 Nurudea shiraii 诱导的虫瘿，以及沙塘鳢上由 Kaburagia rhusicola rhusicola 诱导的虫瘿是最大的植物虫瘿，具有巨大的经济和医学价值。我们使用各种宏观和微观技术研究了虫瘿的结构及其功能适应性。高度适应的结构包括基部的柄，专门用于机械支撑和为蚜虫运输营养物质，以及伴随裂生导管排列的维管束网络，以最好地支持蚜虫的取食和种群生长。在横切面上，一个剑形虫瘿中有许多圆形和半圆形的木质部痕迹，这将提供更多的营养物质，占用更少的空间。我们推断进化轨迹是花状虫瘿、角状虫瘿、圆形虫瘿和剑形虫瘿。虫瘿可能的进化趋势是更大的腔室、更稳定的机械支撑、更便于物质交换和运输营养物质。
