Wang Wenhui, Luo Xue, Chen Yang, Ye Xianfeng, Wang Hui, Cao Zhe, Ran Wei, Cui Zhongli
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Mar 11;10:421. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00421. eCollection 2019.
Elucidating the succession of soil microbial communities and microbial functions at key plant growth stages is a major goal of microbial ecology research. In this study, we investigated the succession of soil bacteria during four fertilizer treatments (control, NPK, NPK + pig manure, and NPK + straw) and at three crucial rice growth stages (tillering, heading, and ripening) in paddy soil from a rice-wheat cropping system over a 10-year period. The results showed that the bacterial community and function composition of the control treatment was significantly different from that of the other treatments with NPK fertilizers, and S1 from others stages (ANOSIM, < 0.05). The application of pig manure could reduce the effects of applying NPK fertilizers on bacterial communities in heading and ripening stages, but the effects of straw returning is not obvious. Variance partitioning analyses (VPA) suggested that pH, OM, and AK appeared to be key factors responsible for the microbial community changes observed in all the treatments or stages. The correlation results showed the bacterial families different between S1 and other stages such as , , , and etc., were correlated with bacterial KEGG metabolic pathways. In addition, the topological of the soil bacterial community network with more nodes, links and higher Maximal degree at the heading stage and maintained relatively similar topological structures at the heading and ripening stages. However, the topological of the functional networks at the ripening stage were a small yet complicated co-occurring network with 209 nodes, 789 links, higher Average connectivity (avgK), and Maximal degree. These results suggest an obvious succession of soil bacteria and bacterial function at the key rice growth stages, but the topological of functional network structure of bacteria changes a little in the early and middle stages of rice, while its changes significantly in the ripening stage of rice growth.
阐明关键植物生长阶段土壤微生物群落的演替和微生物功能是微生物生态学研究的主要目标。在本研究中，我们调查了稻麦轮作系统中稻田土壤在四种施肥处理（对照、氮磷钾、氮磷钾+猪粪、氮磷钾+秸秆）下以及水稻三个关键生长阶段（分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期）为期10年的土壤细菌演替情况。结果表明，对照处理的细菌群落和功能组成与其他施用氮磷钾肥料的处理显著不同，且与其他阶段的处理也不同（ANOSIM，<0.05）。猪粪的施用可以降低氮磷钾肥料对抽穗期和成熟期细菌群落的影响，但秸秆还田的效果不明显。方差分解分析（VPA）表明，pH、OM和AK似乎是所有处理或阶段中观察到的微生物群落变化的关键因素。相关性结果表明，S1阶段与其他阶段不同的细菌科，如 、 、 、 等，与细菌KEGG代谢途径相关。此外，土壤细菌群落网络在抽穗期具有更多的节点、连接和更高的最大度，并且在抽穗期和成熟期保持相对相似的拓扑结构。然而，成熟期功能网络的拓扑结构是一个小而复杂的共现网络，有209个节点、789条连接、更高均连接度（avgK）和最大度。这些结果表明，在水稻关键生长阶段土壤细菌和细菌功能有明显的演替，但细菌功能网络结构在水稻生长的早期和中期变化较小，而在水稻成熟期变化显著。
