Liang Yuqin, Wei Liang, Wang Shuang, Hu Can, Xiao Mouliang, Zhu Zhenke, Deng Yangwu, Wu Xiaohong, Kuzyakov Yakov, Chen Jianping, Ge Tida
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Jun 15;336:117722. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117722. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
Microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can suppress plant pathogens. Although fertilization strongly affects soil microbial communities, the influence of fertilization on microbial VOC-mediated suppression of pathogens has not been elucidated. Soil was sampled from a paddy field that had been subjected to the following treatments for 30 years: a no-fertilizer control, mineral fertilization (NPK), NPK combined with rice straw (NPK + S), NPK combined with chicken manure (70% NPK + 30% M). Then, within a laboratory experiment, pathogens were exposed to VOCs without physical contact to assess the impact of VOCs emitted from paddy soils on in vitro growth of the fungal rice pathogens: Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani. The VOCs emitted from soil reduced the mycelial biomass of P. oryzae and R. solani by 36-51% and 10-30%, respectively, compared to that of the control (no soil; no VOCs emission). Overall, the highest suppression of P. oryzae and R. solani was in the NPK and NPK + S soils, which emitted more quinones, phenols, and low alcohols than NPK + M soils. The abundances of quinones and phenols in the soil air were maximal in the NPK-fertilized soil because the low ratio of dissolved organic carbon and Olsen-P increased the population of key species such as Acidobacteriae, Anaerolineae, and Entorrhizomycetes. The abundance of alcohols was minimum in the NPK + S fertilized soil because the high SOC content decreased the population of Sordariomycetes. In conclusion, mineral fertilization affects bacterial and fungal VOC emissions, thereby suppressing the growth of R. solani and P. oryzae.
微生物挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）能够抑制植物病原体。尽管施肥对土壤微生物群落有强烈影响，但施肥对微生物VOC介导的病原体抑制作用的影响尚未阐明。从一块进行了30年以下处理的稻田采集土壤样本：不施肥对照、矿物施肥（NPK）、NPK与稻草结合（NPK + S）、NPK与鸡粪结合（70% NPK + 30% M）。然后，在实验室实验中，使病原体与VOCs无物理接触，以评估稻田土壤排放的VOCs对水稻真菌病原体稻瘟病菌和立枯丝核菌体外生长的影响。与对照（无土壤；无VOCs排放）相比，土壤排放的VOCs使稻瘟病菌和立枯丝核菌的菌丝生物量分别减少了36 - 51%和10 - 30%。总体而言，对稻瘟病菌和立枯丝核菌的抑制作用最强的是NPK和NPK + S土壤，它们比NPK + M土壤排放更多的醌、酚和低级醇。NPK施肥土壤中土壤空气中醌和酚的丰度最高，因为溶解有机碳和 Olsen - P的低比例增加了酸杆菌纲、厌氧绳菌纲和内生根菌纲等关键物种的数量。NPK + S施肥土壤中醇的丰度最低，因为高SOC含量降低了粪壳菌纲的数量。总之，矿物施肥影响细菌和真菌VOC排放，从而抑制立枯丝核菌和稻瘟病菌的生长。
