Kohama Isaku, Kosaka Nobuyoshi, Chikuda Hirotaka, Ochiya Takahiro
Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2019 Mar 26;11(3):428. doi: 10.3390/cancers11030428.
Sarcomas are rare solid tumors, but at least one-third of patients with sarcoma die from tumor-related disease. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a noncoding RNA that regulates gene expression in all cells and plays a key role in the progression of cancers. Recently, it was identified that miRNAs are transferred between cells by enclosure in extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes. The exosome is a 100 nm-sized membraned vesicle that is secreted by many kinds of cells and contains miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and proteins. Cancer uses exosomes to influence not only the tumor microenvironment but also the distant organ to create a premetastatic niche. The progression of sarcoma is also regulated by miRNAs and exosomes. These miRNAs and exosomes can be targeted as biomarkers and treatments. In this review, we summarize the studies of miRNA and exosomes in sarcoma.
肉瘤是罕见的实体瘤，但至少三分之一的肉瘤患者死于肿瘤相关疾病。微小RNA（miRNA）是一种非编码RNA，可调节所有细胞中的基因表达，并在癌症进展中起关键作用。最近发现，miRNA通过包裹在细胞外囊泡（尤其是外泌体）中在细胞间转移。外泌体是一种大小为100纳米的膜性囊泡，由多种细胞分泌，包含miRNA、mRNA、DNA和蛋白质。癌症利用外泌体不仅影响肿瘤微环境，还影响远处器官以形成前转移生态位。肉瘤的进展也受miRNA和外泌体调节。这些miRNA和外泌体可作为生物标志物和治疗靶点。在本综述中，我们总结了miRNA和外泌体在肉瘤中的研究。
