Meza Jocelyn I, Monroy Maria, Ma Ruofan, Mendoza-Denton Rodolfo
Department of Psychology, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1650, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2019 Dec;11(4):373-382. doi: 10.1007/s12402-019-00302-x. Epub 2019 Mar 27.
This study aimed to understand the contributions of active ADHD symptoms and the diagnostic label of ADHD in yielding negative attitudes and social distance ratings. Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (n = 305), respondents were assigned to read a vignette about: (a) a typically developing child, (b) a child with active ADHD symptoms and (c) a child with active ADHD symptoms + diagnostic label. Participants were then asked to answer questions about their beliefs and feelings about the child in the vignette. The active ADHD symptom condition predicted higher levels of social distance, and this link was mediated by negative and animalistic adjective ratings, and by angry emotions felt by the participants after reading the vignettes. Our findings suggest that ADHD symptoms drive negative views and social distance and that an ADHD label may serve as a protective factor to help people overcome biases related to childhood ADHD. ADHD symptom literacy and contact with children with varying levels of ADHD symptoms may be an important target to help reduce negative attitudes.
本研究旨在了解注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的活跃症状以及ADHD的诊断标签在产生负面态度和社会距离评级方面的作用。通过亚马逊的Mechanical Turk（n = 305），研究人员让受访者阅读一篇关于以下内容的短文：（a）一个发育正常的孩子，（b）一个有活跃ADHD症状的孩子，以及（c）一个有活跃ADHD症状且有诊断标签的孩子。然后，参与者被要求回答关于他们对短文中孩子的信念和感受的问题。有活跃ADHD症状的情况预示着更高水平的社会距离，并且这种联系由负面和动物性的形容词评级以及参与者在阅读短文后感受到的愤怒情绪所介导。我们的研究结果表明，ADHD症状会引发负面看法和社会距离，而ADHD标签可能作为一种保护因素，帮助人们克服与儿童ADHD相关的偏见。ADHD症状认知以及与不同ADHD症状水平的儿童接触可能是帮助减少负面态度的一个重要目标。
