Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1134:217-242. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-12668-1_12.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a hyperglycaemic state first recognised in pregnancy. GDM affects both mother and child. Women with GDM and their new-borns are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The screening and diagnostic criteria for GDM are inconsistent and thus novel biomarkers of GDM are required to strengthen the screening and diagnostic processes in GDM. Chronic low-grade inflammation is linked to the majority of the well-established risk factors of GDM such as old age, obesity and PCOS. This review provides an overview of the present knowledge on the pathology of GDM, the screening criteria applied, the role of inflammation in the development of GDM and the use of markers of inflammation namely cytokines, oxidative stress markers, lipids, amino acids and iron markers in screening and diagnosis of GDM.
妊娠期糖尿病是一种在妊娠期间首次被诊断出的高血糖状态。GDM 同时影响母亲和婴儿。患有 GDM 的妇女及其新生儿在未来有发展为 2 型糖尿病的风险。GDM 的筛查和诊断标准不一致，因此需要新型 GDM 生物标志物来加强 GDM 的筛查和诊断过程。慢性低度炎症与 GDM 的大多数公认的危险因素有关，如年龄大、肥胖和 PCOS。本综述概述了 GDM 的病理学、应用的筛查标准、炎症在 GDM 发展中的作用以及炎症标志物（即细胞因子、氧化应激标志物、脂质、氨基酸和铁标志物）在 GDM 的筛查和诊断中的应用。
