非裔美国家长的感知就业不足与夫妻关系：一种对偶方法。
Perceived underemployment and couple relationships among African American parents: A dyadic approach.
机构信息
Department of Human Development and Family Studies.
出版信息
Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2020 Jan;26(1):82-91. doi: 10.1037/cdp0000285. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
OBJECTIVE
In the United States, underemployment is more common among ethnic minorities, especially African Americans. At the same time, African American couples are at higher risks of marital difficulties than other racial/ethnic groups. This study used a dyadic approach to examine implications of underemployment, as perceived by African American mothers and fathers, for their own and their partners' couple relationship experiences, including relational love and coparenting satisfaction. The vulnerability-stress-adaptation framework of couple relationships guided tests of moderation by depressive symptoms, work hours, workplace discrimination, and expressive personality.
METHOD
The sample included 164 African American dual-earner parents (mean age = 40.53 and 43.11 for mothers and fathers) who were interviewed on two occasions across two years. Actor-partner interdependence modeling was used for the analyses.
RESULTS
Fathers' underemployment perceptions negatively predicted their own reports of love and coparenting satisfaction. Significant interactions indicated that the negative effects of fathers' perceived underemployment on their own relational love were stronger for fathers with more depressive symptoms, and, for less expressive mothers, on mothers' love and coparenting satisfaction. However, mothers' perceived underemployment was a positive predictor of mothers' love when they worked fewer hours and a negative predictor of mothers' coparenting satisfaction when they had high expressive personality.
CONCLUSION
Implications of underemployment experiences for couple relationships differ across gender and need to be considered in the context of partners' vulnerabilities, adaptive characteristics and other stressors. Findings advance understanding of underemployment and work-marriage linkages among African Americans, and highlight the utility of a dyadic approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
目的
在美国，就业不足在少数民族中更为常见，尤其是非裔美国人。与此同时，非裔美国夫妇比其他种族/族裔群体更容易出现婚姻困难。本研究采用对偶方法，考察非裔美国母亲和父亲对自己和伴侣关系经历的就业不足感知，包括关系爱情和共同养育满意度的影响。夫妻关系的脆弱性-压力-适应框架指导了抑郁症状、工作时间、工作场所歧视和表达性人格的调节作用的检验。
方法
该样本包括 164 对非裔美国家庭双职工父母（母亲和父亲的平均年龄分别为 40.53 岁和 43.11 岁），他们在两年内进行了两次访谈。演员-伙伴相互依存模型用于分析。
结果
父亲对就业不足的看法负面地预测了他们自己对爱情和共同养育满意度的报告。显著的相互作用表明，父亲感知到的就业不足对他们自己的关系爱情的负面影响在有更多抑郁症状的父亲和不那么表达的母亲中更为强烈，而对母亲的爱情和共同养育满意度的负面影响则较弱。然而，当母亲工作时间较少时，母亲对就业不足的感知是母亲爱情的积极预测因素，而当母亲具有高表达性人格时，母亲对就业不足的感知则是母亲共同养育满意度的消极预测因素。
结论
就业不足经历对夫妻关系的影响因性别而异，需要考虑到伴侣的脆弱性、适应特征和其他压力源。研究结果增进了对非裔美国人就业不足和工作-婚姻联系的理解，并强调了对偶方法的实用性。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
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