Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Koryo, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan; Health Promotion Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Koryo, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan.
Center for Teaching, Learning and Technology, Kio University, 4-2-2 Koryo, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 Jul-Aug;83:13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.03.009. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
For the elderly, maintaining a young self-perceived age has a positive impact on physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the discrepancy between self-perceived age and chronological age in regards to physical activity, instrumental activities of daily living, functional capacity, personality, general self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and disease burden.
Participants were 3094 older adults from 2015 baseline data of the Keeping Active across Generations Uniting the Youth and the Aged study. The questionnaire was mailed to 8004 elderly people aged 65 years or older. Of the 3871 people who returned the questionnaire (collection rate, 48.3%), 3094 subjects were analyzed in this study (female, 52%). The questionnaire included aspects of physical activity, instrumental activity of daily living, functional capacity, personality traits, general self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, history of falls, fear of falling, communication with young people, medical history, and self-perceived age, as well as basic characteristics such as age, sex, living alone or not, and educational history.
Regression analysis showed that the presence of high self-rated health, personality traits of extraversion and openness to experience, higher general self-efficacy, and the presence of fear of falling were positively associated with a younger self-perceived age.
The results identified personality and psychological factors related to of self-perceived age in community-dwelling elderly people. Therefore, changes in personality traits and subjective health accompanying aging affect the self-perceived age, which may also affect the extension of healthy life expectancy.
对于老年人而言，保持年轻的自我认知年龄对身心健康有积极影响。本研究旨在探讨自我认知年龄与实际年龄之间的差异对体力活动、日常生活活动能力、功能能力、人格特质、一般自我效能感、抑郁症状和疾病负担的影响。
参与者为 2015 年“跨代保持活力联合老年人和年轻人研究”的基线数据中 3094 名老年人。问卷通过邮件寄给了 8004 名 65 岁或以上的老年人。在 3871 名返回问卷的人中（回收率为 48.3%），本研究分析了 3094 名受试者（女性，52%）。问卷包括体力活动、日常生活活动能力、功能能力、人格特质、一般自我效能感、抑郁症状、跌倒史、跌倒恐惧、与年轻人的沟通、病史和自我认知年龄以及年龄、性别、是否独居和教育程度等基本特征。
回归分析显示，高自评健康状况、外向和开放体验人格特质、较高的一般自我效能感以及存在跌倒恐惧与较年轻的自我认知年龄呈正相关。
本研究结果确定了与社区居住老年人自我认知年龄相关的人格和心理因素。因此，人格特质和伴随衰老出现的主观健康状况的变化会影响自我认知年龄，这可能也会影响健康预期寿命的延长。
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