Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives," University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,
Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,
Gerontology. 2019;65(5):474-484. doi: 10.1159/000494972. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
Muscle weakness - a biomarker of health - may have its origins in early life and be related to factors such as adverse childhood experiences (ACE), which refer to a set of early-life traumatic and stressful psychosocial events out of the child's control. To date, evidence of an association between ACE and muscle strength in older age is lacking. -Objective: Here, we assessed the associations between ACE during the first 15 years of life and the risk of low muscle strength (LMS) later in life. We also examined whether adult-life socioeconomic circumstances (i.e., educational attainment, main occupational position, and satisfaction with household financial situation) and unhealthy behaviors (i.e., physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, smoking, and high level of alcohol consumption) explained this association.
We used data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, a 12-year cohort study with 6 -repeated measurements between 2004 and 2015. Muscle strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Confounder-adjusted logistic mixed-effect models were used to examine the associations between ACE (child in care, parental death, parental mental illness, parental drinking, period of hunger, or property taken away) and the risk of LMS in older age. -Results: 24,179 participants (96,372 observations; 13,477 women; aged 50-96 years) living in 14 countries were included. LMS increased with age for both genders. For women, there was a gradual increase in the risk of LMS with the number of experienced ACE (ORs = 1.22 for 1 ACE, 1.74 for ≥2 ACE compared to no ACE). However, there was no significant association among men. This association was only slightly attenuated when adjusting for socioeconomic circumstances and unhealthy behaviors in adulthood.
ACE are associated with later-life muscle weakness among women. These associations were not compensated by the adoption of healthy behaviors or an improvement in socioeconomic circumstances in adulthood. These results suggest that tackling these early-life risk factors in women could promote long-term grip strength, a biomarker of aging.
肌肉力量——健康的一个标志——可能起源于生命早期，并与一些因素相关，如不良的童年经历（ACE），它是指一组儿童无法控制的早期创伤和压力性心理社会事件。迄今为止，缺乏 ACE 与老年期肌肉力量之间关联的证据。目的：在这里，我们评估了生命前 15 年的 ACE 与晚年低肌肉力量（LMS）风险之间的关联。我们还研究了成年期社会经济情况（即教育程度、主要职业地位和家庭财务状况满意度）和不健康行为（即身体活动不足、不健康饮食、吸烟和大量饮酒）是否解释了这种关联。方法：我们使用了来自欧洲健康、衰老和退休调查的数据，这是一项为期 12 年的队列研究，在 2004 年至 2015 年期间进行了 6 次重复测量。肌肉力量使用手持测力计进行测量。使用调整混杂因素的逻辑混合效应模型来检验 ACE（被寄养的儿童、父母死亡、父母精神疾病、父母饮酒、饥饿期或财产被没收）与晚年 LMS 风险之间的关联。结果：共纳入了来自 14 个国家的 24179 名参与者（96372 次观察；13477 名女性；年龄 50-96 岁）。肌肉力量随着年龄的增长而增加，在两性中均如此。对于女性，经历 ACE 的数量与 LMS 风险呈逐渐增加的关系（与无 ACE 相比，经历 1 项 ACE 的 ORs = 1.22，经历≥2 项 ACE 的 ORs = 1.74）。然而，在男性中则没有显著关联。当调整成年期的社会经济情况和不健康行为时，这种关联略有减弱。结论：ACE 与女性晚年的肌肉虚弱有关。这些关联并没有通过成年期采取健康行为或改善社会经济情况来弥补。这些结果表明，解决女性生命早期的这些风险因素可能会促进长期握力的提高，这是衰老的一个生物标志物。
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