School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA.
J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Jul;106(1):95-103. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3MIR1118-414RR. Epub 2019 Mar 29.
Gut immune system homeostasis involves diverse structural interactions among resident microbiota, the protective mucus layer, and a variety of cells (intestinal epithelial, lymphoid, and myeloid). Due to the substantial surface area in direct contact with an "external" environment and the diversity of xenobiotic, abiotic, and self-interactions coordinating to maintain gut homeostasis, there is enhanced potential for the generation of endogenous danger signals when this balance is lost. Here, we focus on the potential generation and reception of damage in the gut resulting from exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), common food and drug additives. Specifically, we describe recent evidence in the literature showing that certain NPs are potential generators of damage-associated molecular patterns, as well as potential immune-stimulating molecular patterns themselves.
肠道免疫系统的稳态涉及到常驻菌群、保护性黏液层和各种细胞（肠道上皮细胞、淋巴样细胞和髓样细胞）之间的多样化结构相互作用。由于肠道与“外部”环境直接接触的表面积很大，并且有多种异物、非生物和自我相互作用来协调维持肠道内环境的稳定，因此当这种平衡被打破时，内源性危险信号的产生潜力就会增强。在这里，我们主要关注的是由于暴露于纳米颗粒（NPs）、常见的食品和药物添加剂而导致的肠道损伤的潜在产生和感知。具体来说，我们描述了文献中的最新证据，表明某些 NPs 可能是损伤相关分子模式的潜在产生者，同时也是潜在的免疫刺激分子模式本身。
