Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering.
Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
Cereb Cortex. 2019 Dec 17;29(12):5180-5189. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz057.
Memory encoding is a critical process for memory function, which is foundational for cognitive functioning including reading, and has been extensively studied using subsequent memory tasks. Research in adults using such tasks indicates the participation of visual and cognitive-control systems in remembered versus forgotten words. However, given the known developmental trajectories of these systems, the functional neuroanatomy of memory encoding in children may be different than in adults. We examined brain activation for silent word reading and checkerboard viewing during an event-related reading task in 8-12 year-old children. Results indicate greater activation for checkerboard viewing than lexical processing in early visual regions, as well as for lexical processing versus checkerboard viewing in regions in left sensorimotor mouth, cingulo-opercular and dorsal-attention networks. Greater activation for remembered than forgotten words was observed in bilateral visual system and left lateralized regions within the ventral- and dorsal-attention, cingulo-opercular and fronto-parietal networks. These findings suggest a relatively mature reliance on the cognitive-control system, but greater reliance on the visual system in children when viewing words subsequently remembered. The location of regions with greater activity for remembered words reinforces the involvement of the attention and cognitive-control systems in subsequent memory in reading.
记忆编码是记忆功能的关键过程，对包括阅读在内的认知功能有基础性作用，已被广泛研究，通常使用后续记忆任务来进行研究。在成人中使用这些任务的研究表明，在记住和忘记单词时，视觉和认知控制系统会参与其中。然而，鉴于这些系统的已知发展轨迹，儿童的记忆编码功能的功能神经解剖结构可能与成人不同。我们在 8-12 岁儿童的阅读任务中，检查了无声单词阅读和棋盘视图的大脑激活。结果表明，在早期视觉区域中，棋盘视图的激活比词汇处理更大，而在左感觉运动嘴、扣带前回和背侧注意网络中，词汇处理的激活大于棋盘视图。与忘记的单词相比，记住的单词在双侧视觉系统和左侧背侧和腹侧注意、扣带前回和额顶网络内的偏侧化区域中具有更大的激活。这些发现表明，当孩子观看随后记住的单词时，他们相对依赖于认知控制系统，但更依赖于视觉系统。对于记住的单词具有更大活动的区域的位置，加强了注意力和认知控制系统在阅读中后续记忆中的参与。
