Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2020 Nov;66:110-115. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.005. Epub 2019 Mar 27.
T cells of the adaptive immune system monitor protein degradation products via their presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to recognize infected cells. Both macroautophagy and endocytosis target intra- and extracellular constituents, respectively, for lysosomal degradation. This results in antigen processing for MHC presentation and influences the trafficking of MHC molecules. This review will discuss recent evidence that the molecular machinery of macroautophagy regulates also endocytosis at the level of phagosome maturation and cell membrane internalization. These non-canonical functions of this machinery affect both MHC class I and II restricted antigen presentation to CD8 and CD4 T cells, respectively, and should be harnessed to improve immune responses against infectious diseases and cancer.
适应性免疫系统的 T 细胞通过主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 分子上的蛋白质降解产物的呈递来识别感染细胞。自噬和内吞作用分别靶向细胞内和细胞外成分，用于溶酶体降解。这导致 MHC 呈递的抗原加工，并影响 MHC 分子的运输。这篇综述将讨论最近的证据，即自噬的分子机制也调节吞噬体成熟和细胞膜内化水平的内吞作用。这种机制的非典型功能影响 MHC Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类限制性抗原分别向 CD8 和 CD4 T 细胞的呈递，应该加以利用以改善针对传染病和癌症的免疫反应。
