Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, 722 West 168th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, 722 West 168th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Prev Med. 2019 Jun;123:204-207. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.045. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
Tobacco companies in the U.S. spend billions of dollars advertising at the point-of-sale. Using photographs of storefront tobacco ads in New York City (NYC), we conducted a content analysis to describe the prevalence of common features across four product categories and illuminate ways in which they may influence behavior. In 2017, data collectors photographed exterior ads from a representative sample of tobacco retailers in NYC (n = 796). We coded each ad (n = 976) for the presence of various characteristics (e.g., brand, price displays, warning labels, menthol/flavors, size, location). Chi-square tests examined differences by product type. Most ads were for cigarettes (40%), followed by electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, 27.9%), cigars (26.9%), and smokeless tobacco (5.2%). Over half of cigarette and smokeless tobacco ads promoted a menthol or flavored style (61% each), compared to about a quarter of cigar (25.9%) and ENDS ads (30.3%, p < .0001). Cigar and ENDS ads, however, were more frequently placed directly on the door of entry (49.4% and 46.7%, respectively, p < .001). Only 5% of ENDS ads displayed a standard warning label. Notably, a quarter of all tobacco ads (23.4%) were for the brand Newport. Cigarette ads still dominate at the point-of-sale with regard to volume and size. Across all products, ad features did not always align with local and federal policies (e.g., flavor bans, warning label mandates). Continued surveillance of advertising strategies and policy compliance can help provide the evidence base needed to inform marketing regulations that reduce the deadly burden of tobacco use.
美国烟草公司在销售点投入数十亿美元进行广告宣传。我们使用纽约市（NYC）店面烟草广告的照片进行内容分析，以描述四个产品类别中常见特征的流行程度，并阐明它们可能影响行为的方式。2017 年，数据收集员从 NYC 的代表性烟草零售商样本中拍摄了外部广告（n=796）。我们对每个广告（n=976）进行了各种特征（例如品牌、价格展示、警告标签、薄荷醇/口味、尺寸、位置）的编码。卡方检验检查了产品类型的差异。大多数广告是香烟（40%），其次是电子烟（ENDS，27.9%）、雪茄（26.9%）和无烟烟草（5.2%）。超过一半的香烟和无烟烟草广告宣传薄荷醇或调味风格（各占 61%），而雪茄（25.9%）和电子烟广告（30.3%）各占四分之一左右（p<.0001）。然而，雪茄和电子烟广告更频繁地直接放在入口门上（分别为 49.4%和 46.7%，p<.001）。只有 5%的电子烟广告显示了标准警告标签。值得注意的是，所有烟草广告的四分之一（23.4%）是为品牌 Newport 做的广告。就数量和尺寸而言，香烟广告在销售点仍然占据主导地位。在所有产品中，广告特征并不总是符合地方和联邦政策（例如，口味禁令、警告标签规定）。对广告策略和政策合规性的持续监测可以帮助提供必要的证据基础，以告知减少烟草使用致命负担的营销法规。
