Division of Development and Growth, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
Neural Plast. 2019 Feb 25;2019:6873270. doi: 10.1155/2019/6873270. eCollection 2019.
Predicting language performances after preterm birth is challenging. It is described in the literature that early exposure to the extrauterine environment can be either detrimental or advantageous for neurodevelopment. However, the emphasis mostly lies on the fact that preterm birth may have an unfavorable effect on numerous aspects of development such as cognition, language, and behavior. Various studies reported atypical language development in preterm born children in the preschool years but also in school-aged children and adolescents. This review gives an overview of the course of language development and examines how prematurity can lead to atypical linguistic performances. In this paper, we mainly focus on environmental and neurophysiological factors influencing preterm infant neuroplasticity with potential short- and long-term effects on language development. Further research, however, should focus on examining the possible benefits that early exposure might entail.
预测早产儿的语言表现具有挑战性。文献中描述了，早期暴露于宫外环境对神经发育可能有害也可能有益。然而，重点主要在于早产儿出生可能对认知、语言和行为等诸多方面的发展产生不利影响。许多研究报告了早产儿在学龄前以及学龄儿童和青少年时期语言发育异常。这篇综述概述了语言发展的过程，并探讨了早产如何导致语言表现异常。在本文中，我们主要关注影响早产儿神经可塑性的环境和神经生理学因素，以及这些因素对语言发展可能产生的短期和长期影响。然而，进一步的研究应该集中在研究早期暴露可能带来的益处上。
