Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Leninskii 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 1;9(1):5413. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41912-9.
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis plays a crucial role in the metabolism, homeostasis, somatic growth and development of teleostean fishes. Thyroid hormones regulate essential biological functions such as growth and development, regulation of stress, energy expenditure, tissue compound, and psychological processes. Teleost thyroid follicles produce the same thyroid hormones as in other vertebrates: thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), making the zebrafish a very useful model to study hypo- and hyperthyroidism in other vertebrate taxa, including humans. Here we investigate morphological changes in T3 hyperthyroid cases in the zebrafish to better understand malformations provoked by alterations of T3 levels. In particular, we describe musculoskeletal abnormalities during the development of the zebrafish appendicular skeleton and muscles, compare our observations with those recently done by us on the normal developmental of the zebrafish, and discuss these comparisons within the context of evolutionary developmental pathology (Evo-Devo-Path), including human pathologies.
下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺（HPT）轴在硬骨鱼类的代谢、内稳态、躯体生长和发育中起着至关重要的作用。甲状腺激素调节着生长和发育、应激调节、能量消耗、组织化合物和心理过程等基本的生物学功能。硬骨鱼类的甲状腺滤泡产生与其他脊椎动物相同的甲状腺激素：甲状腺素（T4）和三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3），这使得斑马鱼成为研究其他脊椎动物类群（包括人类）的低甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能亢进的非常有用的模型。在这里，我们研究了斑马鱼 T3 甲状腺功能亢进病例中的形态变化，以更好地了解 T3 水平改变引起的畸形。特别是，我们描述了斑马鱼附肢骨骼和肌肉发育过程中的肌肉骨骼异常，将我们的观察结果与我们最近对斑马鱼正常发育的观察结果进行了比较，并在进化发育病理学（Evo-Devo-Path）的背景下讨论了这些比较，包括人类病理学。
