Geven Edwin J W, Klaren Peter H M
Department of Organismal Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Department of Organismal Animal Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2017 Jan;66:73-83. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.025. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
The head kidney, analogous to the mammalian adrenal gland, is an organ unique for teleost fish. It comprises cytokine-producing lymphoid cells from the immune system and endocrine cells secreting cortisol, catecholamines, and thyroid hormones. The intimate organization of the immune system and endocrine system in one single organ makes bidirectional signalling between these possible. In this review we explore putative interactions between the thyroid and immune system in the head kidney. We give a short overview of the thyroid system, and consider the evidence for the presence of thyroid follicles in the head kidney as a normal, healthy trait in fishes. From mammalian studies we gather data on the effects of three important pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) on the thyroid system. A general picture that emerges is that pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibit the activity of the thyroid system at different targets. Extrapolating from these studies, we suggest that the interaction of the thyroid system by paracrine actions of cytokines in the head kidney is involved in fine-tuning the availability and redistribution of energy substrates during acclimation processes such as an immune response or stress response.
头肾类似于哺乳动物的肾上腺，是硬骨鱼特有的器官。它由免疫系统中产生细胞因子的淋巴细胞和分泌皮质醇、儿茶酚胺及甲状腺激素的内分泌细胞组成。免疫系统和内分泌系统在单一器官中的紧密组织使得它们之间可能进行双向信号传导。在本综述中，我们探讨了头肾中甲状腺与免疫系统之间可能存在的相互作用。我们简要概述了甲状腺系统，并考虑了头肾中存在甲状腺滤泡作为鱼类正常健康特征的证据。从哺乳动物研究中，我们收集了三种重要促炎细胞因子（TNFα、IL-1β、IL-6）对甲状腺系统影响的数据。由此得出的总体情况是，促炎细胞因子在不同靶点抑制甲状腺系统的活性。从这些研究推断，我们认为头肾中细胞因子的旁分泌作用对甲状腺系统的影响参与了免疫反应或应激反应等适应过程中能量底物的可用性和再分配的微调。
