Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
J Clin Invest. 2019 Apr 1;129(4):1431-1440. doi: 10.1172/JCI124605.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy has shown promise for the treatment of food allergy and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Although immunotherapy can induce desensitization, the mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understood. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies along with concomitant advances in data analytics have enabled monitoring of cells at the single-cell level and increased the research focus on upstream cellular factors involved in the efficacy of immunotherapy, particularly the role of T cells. As our appreciation of different T cell subsets and their plasticity increases, the initial simplistic view that restoring Th1/Th2 balance by decreasing Th2 or increasing Th1 responses can ameliorate food allergy is being enhanced by a more complex model involving other T cell subsets, particularly Tregs. In this Review, we focus on the current understanding of T cell functions in food allergy, tolerance, and immunotherapy.
变应原特异性免疫疗法在治疗食物过敏方面显示出了前景，目前正在临床试验中进行评估。尽管免疫疗法可以诱导脱敏，但这一过程的机制尚不完全清楚。高通量技术的最新进展以及数据分析的同时进步，使得能够在单细胞水平上监测细胞，并增加了对上游细胞因子在免疫疗法疗效中的作用的研究，特别是 T 细胞的作用。随着我们对不同 T 细胞亚群及其可塑性的认识不断提高，最初通过减少 Th2 或增加 Th1 反应来恢复 Th1/Th2 平衡以改善食物过敏的简单观点正在被一个更复杂的模型所增强，该模型涉及其他 T 细胞亚群，特别是 Tregs。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了目前对 T 细胞在食物过敏、耐受和免疫疗法中的功能的理解。
