Echeverría Javier, Duarte Galhardo de Albuquerque Ricardo Diego
Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9170022, Chile.
Laboratório de Tecnologia em Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24241-002, Brazil.
Medicines (Basel). 2019 Mar 27;6(2):42. doi: 10.3390/medicines6020042.
The control of infectious/parasitic diseases is a continuing challenge for global health, which in turn requires new methods of action and the development of innovative agents to be used in its prevention and/or treatment. In this context, the control of vectors and intermediate hosts of etiological agents is an efficient method in the prevention of human and veterinary diseases. In later stages, it is necessary to have bioactive compounds that act efficiently on the agents that produce the disease. However, several synthetic agents have strong residual effects in humans and other animals and cause environmental toxicity, affecting fauna, flora and unbalancing the local ecosystem. Many studies have reported the dual activity of the essential oils (EOs): (i) control of vectors that are important in the cycle of disease transmission, and (ii) relevant activity against pathogens. In general, EOs have an easier degradation and cause less extension of environmental contamination. However, problems related to solubility and stability lead to the development of efficient vehicles for formulations containing EOs, such as nanoemulsions. Therefore, this systematic review describes several studies performed with nanoemulsions as carriers of EOs that have larvicidal, insecticidal, repellent, acaricidal and antiparasitic activities, and thus can be considered as alternatives in the vector control of infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as in the combat against etiological agents of parasitic origin.
控制传染病/寄生虫病是全球卫生领域持续面临的挑战，这反过来需要新的行动方法和开发用于预防和/或治疗的创新药物。在这种背景下，控制病原体的媒介和中间宿主是预防人类和动物疾病的有效方法。在后期，需要有能有效作用于致病因子的生物活性化合物。然而，一些合成药物在人类和其他动物体内有很强的残留效应，并会造成环境毒性，影响动植物，破坏当地生态系统平衡。许多研究报道了精油（EOs）的双重活性：（i）控制在疾病传播循环中重要的媒介，以及（ii）对病原体有显著活性。一般来说，精油降解更容易，对环境污染的范围更小。然而，与溶解性和稳定性相关的问题促使人们开发高效的载体来配制含精油的制剂，如纳米乳剂。因此，本系统综述描述了几项以纳米乳剂作为精油载体进行的研究，这些纳米乳剂具有杀幼虫、杀虫、驱避、杀螨和抗寄生虫活性，因此可被视为控制传染性和寄生虫病媒介以及对抗寄生虫源性病原体的替代方法。
