Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Department of Nephrology & Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUmc, 1117 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar 29;20(7):1571. doi: 10.3390/ijms20071571.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of developing vascular calcifications, as well as bone dynamics impairment, leading to a poor quality of life and increased mortality. Certain vitamin K dependent proteins (VKDPs) act mainly as calcification inhibitors, but their involvement in the onset and progression of CKD are not completely elucidated. This review is an update of the current state of knowledge about the relationship between CKD and four extrahepatic VKDPs: matrix Gla protein, osteocalcin, growth-arrest specific protein 6 and Gla-rich protein. Based on published literature in the last ten years, the purpose of this review is to address fundamental aspects about the link between CKD and circulating VKDPs levels as well as to raise new topics about how the interplay between molecular weight and charge could influence the modifications of circulating VKDPs at the glomerular level, or whether distinct renal etiologies have effect on VKDPs. This review is the output of a systematic literature search and may open future research avenues in this niche domain.
患有慢性肾病（CKD）的患者发生血管钙化以及骨动力学损伤的风险增加，导致生活质量下降和死亡率增加。某些维生素 K 依赖性蛋白（VKDPs）主要作为钙化抑制剂发挥作用，但它们在 CKD 的发生和进展中的作用尚未完全阐明。本综述是对目前关于 CKD 与四种肝外 VKDPs（基质 Gla 蛋白、骨钙素、生长停滞特异性蛋白 6 和富含 Gla 蛋白）之间关系的知识现状的更新。基于过去十年发表的文献，本综述的目的是解决与 CKD 和循环 VKDPs 水平之间的联系相关的基本问题，并提出新的话题，即分子量和电荷之间的相互作用如何影响肾小球水平上循环 VKDPs 的变化，或者不同的肾脏病因是否对 VKDPs 有影响。本综述是系统文献检索的结果，可能为这一特定领域的未来研究开辟新途径。
