Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, 4.306, Jean McFarlane Building, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Arthritis Research UK-MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, The University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2019 Oct;17(5):591-613. doi: 10.1007/s40258-019-00473-8.
Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) are understood to reduce levels of paid productivity. Productivity, including absenteeism and presenteeism, is arguably an important factor for consideration in economic evaluations of workplace interventions for RMDs (WPI-RMDs). Existing methods available to quantify and value absenteeism and presenteeism are heterogeneous and produce estimates that vary substantially across studies. To date, there has been no systematic summary of the reporting quality of methods used to quantify paid productivity included in economic evaluations of WPI-RMDs.
The aim of this systematic review was twofold. First, the review was conducted to understand if, and how, the impact of WPI-RMDs on productivity was considered and incorporated in published economic evaluations. Second, we aimed to assess the reporting quality of productivity in published economic evaluations of WPI-RMDs and determine the need for a published set of reporting guidelines for productivity.
This systematic review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic review published in 2008 that focused on the cost effectiveness of WPIs, with limited information on productivity, was updated from 2007 to July 2018. A global search was conducted using three online databases: MEDLINE (1946 to August 2018, week 2), EMBASE (1974 to 10 July 2018); and EconLit (1886 to July 2018). The studies were double-screened by four independent reviewers. Data extraction was conducted using a bespoke data extraction table.
Twenty-one economic evaluations of WPI-RMDs were identified. All studies evaluated absenteeism, but only five reported on levels of presenteeism. The methods used to identify and measure absenteeism were fairly consistent; however, methods used to identify and measure presenteeism, and value absenteeism and presenteeism, varied across studies. Two studies may have potentially double-counted productivity in their economic evaluations of WPI-RMDs. The results of this systematic review identified key elements potentially useful as a starting point to inform reporting quality guidelines for productivity.
Variation in the methods used to quantify productivity and how it is reported in economic evaluations suggests the need for specific published reporting guidelines for productivity. The development of standardised reporting guidelines for the identification, measurement, and valuation of absenteeism and presenteeism in economic evaluations may help reduce variation in the methods and promote transparency.
风湿和肌肉骨骼疾病（RMDs）被认为会降低薪酬生产力。对于 RMDs（WPI-RMDs）的工作场所干预措施的经济评估而言，生产力（包括旷工和出勤但工作效率低下）可以说是一个重要的考虑因素。现有的用于量化和评估旷工和出勤但工作效率低下的方法具有异质性，并且在研究之间产生了很大的差异。迄今为止，尚无系统总结用于量化 WPI-RMDs 经济评估中薪酬生产力的方法的报告质量。
本系统回顾的目的有两个。首先，该综述旨在了解 WPI-RMDs 对生产力的影响是否以及如何在已发表的经济评估中得到考虑和纳入。其次，我们旨在评估已发表的 WPI-RMDs 经济评估中生产力的报告质量，并确定是否需要制定一套关于生产力的已发表报告指南。
本系统回顾是根据《系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目》（PRISMA）指南进行的。2008 年发表的一项侧重于工作场所干预的成本效益的系统综述，其中包含有关生产力的有限信息，从 2007 年更新至 2018 年 7 月。使用三个在线数据库进行了全球搜索：MEDLINE（1946 年至 2018 年 8 月，第 2 周），EMBASE（1974 年至 2018 年 7 月 10 日）；和 EconLit（1886 年至 2018 年 7 月）。四位独立评审员对研究进行了双重筛选。使用专用的数据提取表进行数据提取。
确定了 21 项 WPI-RMDs 的经济评估。所有研究都评估了旷工，但只有 5 项报告了出勤但工作效率低下的水平。用于识别和衡量旷工的方法相当一致；但是，用于识别和衡量出勤但工作效率低下以及评估旷工和出勤但工作效率低下的方法在研究之间存在差异。两项研究可能在其对 WPI-RMDs 的经济评估中潜在地重复计算了生产力。本系统综述的结果确定了一些关键要素，这些要素可能是报告生产力指南的有用起点。制定用于识别、衡量和评估经济评估中旷工和出勤但工作效率低下的标准化报告指南，可能有助于减少方法的差异并提高透明度。
用于量化生产力的方法以及其在经济评估中的报告方式存在差异，这表明需要针对生产力制定特定的已发表报告指南。制定用于识别、衡量和评估 WPI-RMDs 经济评估中旷工和出勤但工作效率低下的标准报告指南，可能有助于减少方法的差异并提高透明度。
