CReATe Fertility Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1122:211-233. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_12.
The structural components of the umbilical cord, including two arteries and one vein, the stromal region/Wharton's jelly, and amniotic epithelial membrane, are well described at various time points of gestation. Over the last two decades, evidence has emerged that multipotent cells sharing properties of mesenchymal stromal cell and pericytes/mural cells can be isolated from multiple regions of the umbilical cord, including the perivascular region of the umbilical cord arteries and vein, Wharton's jelly, and subamnion. These cells have increasingly gained interest for their potential use in regenerative and immunomodulatory medicine. Recent studies suggest that obstetrical complications including gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia may alter the yield, properties, and potency of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the umbilical cord. The role that pericytes or pericyte-like cells play in the development of the human umbilical cord and associated pathologies, however, remains to be investigated.
脐带的结构组成部分，包括两条动脉和一条静脉、基质区域/华通氏胶，以及羊膜上皮膜，在妊娠的各个时间点都有很好的描述。在过去的二十年中，有证据表明，多能细胞具有间充质基质细胞和周细胞/壁细胞的特性，可以从脐带的多个区域分离出来，包括脐带动脉和静脉的血管周围区域、华通氏胶和羊膜下。这些细胞因其在再生和免疫调节医学中的潜在用途而越来越受到关注。最近的研究表明，包括妊娠期糖尿病和子痫前期在内的产科并发症可能会改变从脐带中分离出的间充质基质细胞的产量、特性和效力。然而，周细胞或类似周细胞的细胞在人脐带发育和相关病理中的作用仍有待研究。
