University of Milan/ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy,
University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;74(4):269-278. doi: 10.1159/000499698. Epub 2019 Apr 2.
Nutrition status prior to conception and during pregnancy and infancy seems to have an influence on the disease risk in adulthood (early nutrition/developmental programming). We aimed to review the current knowledge on the role of micronutrients in early nutrition programming and its implications for healthcare.
Globally and even in high-income countries where a balanced diet is generally accessible, an inadequate maternal micronutrient status is common. This may induce health problems in the mother and foetus/newborn both immediately and in later life. Pregnant women and those who may become pregnant should aim to achieve a satisfactory micronutrient status from a well-balanced diet, and where necessary from additional supplements. Key Messages: We emphasise the need for a call to action for healthcare providers and policymakers to better educate women of child-bearing age regarding the short- and long-term benefits of an appropriate micronutrient status. The role of micronutrient status in early nutrition programming needs to be emphasized more to address the still limited awareness of the potential long-term health repercussions of suboptimal micronutrient supply during pregnancy.
受孕前和妊娠及婴儿期的营养状况似乎会对成年后的疾病风险（早期营养/发育编程）产生影响。我们旨在综述微量营养素在早期营养编程中的作用及其对医疗保健的意义方面的现有知识。
在全球范围内，甚至在能够普遍获得均衡饮食的高收入国家，孕产妇微量营养素状况不足也很常见。这可能会导致母亲和胎儿/新生儿立即以及以后生活中出现健康问题。孕妇和可能怀孕的妇女应通过均衡饮食，必要时通过额外的补充剂来达到满意的微量营养素状况。
我们强调需要向医疗保健提供者和政策制定者发出行动呼吁，以便更好地教育育龄妇女了解适当的微量营养素状况的短期和长期益处。需要更加重视微量营养素状况在早期营养编程中的作用，以解决在妊娠期间微量营养素供应不足的潜在长期健康影响的认识仍然有限的问题。
