Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Prev Med. 2019 Jun;123:299-307. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.041. Epub 2019 Mar 30.
Jurisdictions around the world have implemented indoor tanning legislations, which aim to protect all individuals, especially youth, from dangers of artificial ultraviolet radiation exposure. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to synthesize the available peer-reviewed literature to determine whether indoor tanning legislation has impacted the prevalence of youth indoor tanning. Following PRISMA guidelines, six databases were searched in 2016. Reference lists from relevant articles were also searched. An updated literature search was conducted in 2018. Each article was critically appraised using a merged checklist created from two previously validated checklists. All articles meeting the inclusion criteria were retained after appraisal. Seven studies, all conducted in the U.S., met the inclusion criteria. All studies used an observational, cross-sectional design. There were small absolute decreases in youth indoor tanning prevalence after legislation vs before (n = 3, mean = 3% decrease, range = 1%-6% decrease). Prevalence of youth indoor tanning was significantly lower in states with indoor tanning legislation vs states without legislation (n = 4, mean = 5% lower, range = 1%-18% lower). Prevalence of youth indoor tanning was lower in states with longer standing indoor tanning legislation vs states with more recently implemented legislation (n = 2, mean = 9% lower, range = 2%-20% lower). Indoor tanning legislation is generally associated with lower indoor tanning prevalence among youth. The small percent differences equate to millions of youth at the population level. Longer time lapses from legislation implementation to evaluation, coupled with greater enforcement, compliance, legislative stringency, and public education may result in even more pronounced declines in youth indoor tanning prevalence.
世界各地的司法管辖区都实施了室内晒黑立法，旨在保护所有人，尤其是青少年免受人工紫外线辐射的危害。本研究的目的是进行系统评价，综合现有同行评议文献，以确定室内晒黑立法是否影响了青少年室内晒黑的流行率。根据 PRISMA 指南，于 2016 年在六个数据库中进行了检索。还从相关文章的参考文献列表中进行了检索。2018 年进行了更新的文献搜索。使用从两个先前验证的清单合并创建的合并清单对每篇文章进行了批判性评估。评估后保留了符合纳入标准的所有文章。符合纳入标准的七项研究均在美国进行。所有研究均采用观察性、横断面设计。与立法前相比，立法后青少年室内晒黑的流行率略有绝对下降（n=3，平均下降 3%，范围 1%-6%）。与没有立法的州相比，有室内晒黑立法的州青少年室内晒黑的流行率显著降低（n=4，平均降低 5%，范围 1%-18%）。与立法时间较短的州相比，立法时间较长的州青少年室内晒黑的流行率较低（n=2，平均降低 9%，范围 2%-20%）。室内晒黑立法通常与青少年室内晒黑的流行率较低相关。在人口水平上，这一小部分差异相当于数以百万计的年轻人。从立法实施到评估的时间间隔更长，加上更严格的执法、合规性、立法严格性和公众教育，可能会导致青少年室内晒黑的流行率进一步显著下降。
