Opoola O, Mrode R, Banos G, Ojango J, Banga C, Simm G, Chagunda M G G
The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK.
Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2019 Jul;51(6):1699-1705. doi: 10.1007/s11250-019-01871-9. Epub 2019 Apr 3.
An online survey on the state of existing dairy data, dairy improvement infrastructure and human capacity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was undertaken with the aim of assessing whether the state of existing animal recording, dairy improvement methods and key issues facing dairy production together with means of addressing the issues differ among countries and regions of SSA. Respondents comprised experts and practitioners in livestock production and genetic resources from research institutes, animal breeding companies, universities, non-governmental organisations and government agricultural ministries. The main dairy farming system in which the respondents were involved was mixed crop-livestock system (30.2%), and this was mainly practised in the private land tenure system (46.3%). Data were analysed using linear model and paired Student t test in R software package. Respondents identified key issues affecting dairy production as poor genetic assessment of imported exotic breeds and crosses in Africa (62.3%), fluctuations in milk prices within both the formal and informal markets (50.9%), no comprehensive sire ranking systems (39.6%), housing and health management regimes which adversely affect milk yield (32.1%), poor market networks for dairy products (25.5%), poor feeding (13.3%), inadequate genetic technologies (9.4%) and poor animal performance recording systems (9.4%). Respondents emphasised the need for updated breeding policies, sire ranking systems, adequate farm management systems, capacity building, across-country collaborations and joint genetic assessments of dairy breeds found in sub-Saharan Africa. The current situation of dairy production though similar for the different countries, differed in order of emphasis and magnitude across the countries and regions in sub-Saharan Africa.
针对撒哈拉以南非洲地区（SSA）现有奶牛数据、奶牛改良基础设施及人力状况开展了一项在线调查，目的是评估SSA不同国家和地区在现有动物记录、奶牛改良方法以及奶牛生产面临的关键问题方面的状况，以及解决这些问题的方式是否存在差异。受访者包括来自研究机构、动物育种公司、大学、非政府组织和政府农业部门的畜牧生产及遗传资源专家和从业者。受访者参与的主要奶牛养殖系统是农牧混合系统（30.2%），且这主要在私人土地所有制系统中实施（46.3%）。使用R软件包中的线性模型和配对学生t检验对数据进行了分析。受访者将影响奶牛生产的关键问题确定为非洲进口外来品种及杂交品种的遗传评估不佳（62.3%）、正规和非正规市场牛奶价格波动（50.9%）、缺乏全面的种公牛排名系统（39.6%）、对产奶量有不利影响的住房和健康管理制度（32.1%）、乳制品市场网络不佳（25.5%）、饲养不良（13.3%）、遗传技术不足（9.4%）以及动物生产性能记录系统不佳（9.4%）。受访者强调需要更新育种政策、种公牛排名系统、完善农场管理制度、开展能力建设、进行跨国合作以及对撒哈拉以南非洲地区发现的奶牛品种进行联合遗传评估。尽管不同国家的奶牛生产现状相似，但在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的不同国家和地区，其重点和程度顺序存在差异。
