Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan.
Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 May;45(5):628-644. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000633. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
Traditionally, learning is assumed to take place with exposure to simpler elements first followed by exposure to elements with increasing levels of difficulty. Recent reports suggest that exposure to complex elements leads to more widespread changes. However, whether learning via exposure to complex or to simple elements is more beneficial is a matter of ongoing debate. In the current study, using behavioral and electrophysiological measures, we aimed at understanding this by comparing subjects trained with complex speech sounds with those trained with simple speech sounds in a 5-day pseudoword-picture training paradigm. We found that though the subjects learned both complex and simple speech sounds to similar degrees, subjects who were trained with complex stimuli demonstrated more generalizations to novel complex and simple stimuli, whereas those trained with simple stimuli exhibited generalization only to simple but not to complex stimuli (Experiment 1). Along with behavioral measures, using mismatch negativity, we found that training with complex stimuli can lead to more extensive neural changes for both complex and simple stimuli as compared with training with simple stimuli (Experiment 2). In artificial language learning, learning with complex stimuli appears to be more effective than training with simple stimuli as far as generalization is concerned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
传统上，人们认为学习是从接触简单的元素开始，然后再接触难度逐渐增加的元素。最近的报告表明，接触复杂的元素会导致更广泛的变化。然而，通过接触复杂元素还是简单元素进行学习哪个更有益处，这是一个持续争论的问题。在当前的研究中，我们使用行为和电生理测量的方法，通过比较在 5 天的伪词-图片训练范式中用复杂语音和简单语音进行训练的被试，旨在理解这一点。我们发现，尽管被试对复杂和简单语音的学习程度相似，但用复杂刺激进行训练的被试对新的复杂和简单刺激表现出更多的泛化，而用简单刺激进行训练的被试只对简单刺激表现出泛化，而对复杂刺激则没有（实验 1）。除了行为测量，我们还使用失匹配负波发现，与用简单刺激训练相比，用复杂刺激训练可以导致复杂和简单刺激的更广泛的神经变化（实验 2）。在人工语言学习中，就泛化而言，用复杂刺激进行学习似乎比用简单刺激进行学习更有效。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
