Semin Reprod Med. 2018 Sep;36(5):253-264. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1677463. Epub 2019 Apr 4.
Cryopreserved gametes and embryos are a major feature of human-assisted reproduction and patient care services, accounting for an increasing number of births worldwide. Since the first success obtained using frozen human spermatozoa, cryopreservation technology has been successfully extended to include oocytes and embryos, in a variety of both medical and nonmedical indications. Over the years, the available procedures have become widely implemented and the increasing evidence of its efficacy has contributed to acceptance of the technology. Nevertheless, a gold standard protocol that would be universally shared by clinics has yet to be definitively established and, therefore, research into cryopreservation of gametes and embryos cannot be considered concluded. Moreover, much effort should be committed to the definition and resolution of safety issues, the establishment of automation, and investigations about the potentiality of immature germ cells or stem cells.
冷冻保存的配子和胚胎是人类辅助生殖和患者护理服务的主要特征，占全球越来越多的出生人数。自从首次成功使用冷冻人类精子获得成功以来，冷冻保存技术已成功扩展到包括卵母细胞和胚胎，适用于各种医学和非医学适应症。多年来，可获得的程序已得到广泛实施，其疗效的不断增加有助于接受该技术。尽管如此，尚未明确建立一个普遍为临床诊所所共享的黄金标准方案，因此，配子和胚胎的冷冻保存研究还不能被认为已经完成。此外，应该努力定义和解决安全问题，建立自动化，并研究未成熟生殖细胞或干细胞的潜力。
