坦桑尼亚阿鲁沙地区马赛人使用的 Commiphora africana 和 Dichrostachys cinerea 的抗疟活性的体外和体内研究。
In vitro and in vivo studies on anti-malarial activity of Commiphora africana and Dichrostachys cinerea used by the Maasai in Arusha region, Tanzania.
机构信息
Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P. O. Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania.
Medical Research and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory (Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit), University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
出版信息
Malar J. 2019 Apr 4;18(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s12936-019-2752-8.
BACKGROUND
Traditional medicinal plants are one of the potential sources of anti-malarial drugs and there is an increasing interest in the use and development of traditional herbal remedies for the treatment of malaria and other ailments. This study was carried out with the aim to investigate the phytochemical screening, cytotoxic effect and antiplasmodial activities of Dichrostachys cinerea and Commiphora africana. Both plants are used by the Maasai in Tanzania in suspected malaria and other diseases. No previous work appears to have investigated the potential anti-malarial activity of the two plants.
METHODS
This study aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-malarial activity of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the two plants against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and chloroquine resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The anti-malarial property was assessed by the lactate dehydrogenase method (pLDH). The in vivo anti-malarial study was carried out using the Peters' 4-day suppressive test in Plasmodium berghei in Balb/c mice. Cytotoxic tests were carried out using monkey kidney epithelial cell line in [3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods of analysis.
RESULTS
The phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, glycosides and saponins. However, alkaloids were absent in most plant extracts. The dichloromethane extracts of C. africana (stem bark); D. cinerea (stem bark) and methanol extracts of D. cinerea (whole stem) all showed promising in vitro anti-malarial activities. All other extracts did not show any significant anti-malarial activity. The two most promising extracts based on in vitro studies, DCM extracts of C. africana (stem bark) and D. cinerea (stems bark), equally exhibited very significant anti-malarial activities in the mouse model. They exhibited parasite suppression rates of 64.24 and 53.12%, respectively, and considerable improvement in weight and survival rate. Most plant extracts were not cytotoxic except for DCM extract of D. cinerea (whole stem) CC (29.44 µg/mL).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study provide scientific evidence supporting the traditional use of the plants in the treatment of malaria by the Maasai in Arusha region, Tanzania. Consequently, further work including bioassay-guided fractionation and advanced toxicity testing may yield new anti-malarial drug candidates from the two plants.
背景
传统药用植物是抗疟药物的潜在来源之一，人们对使用和开发传统草药治疗疟疾和其他疾病越来越感兴趣。本研究旨在研究对叶榕和非洲没药的植物化学筛选、细胞毒性作用和抗疟原虫活性。这两种植物都被坦桑尼亚的马赛人用于疑似疟疾和其他疾病。以前似乎没有研究过这两种植物的潜在抗疟活性。
方法
本研究旨在研究甲醇和二氯甲烷提取物对氯喹敏感（D6）和氯喹耐药（Dd2）株恶性疟原虫的体外抗疟活性。采用乳酸脱氢酶法（pLDH）评估抗疟原虫特性。在感染伯氏疟原虫的 Balb/c 小鼠中进行了为期 4 天的彼得斯抑制试验的体内抗疟研究。使用 [3(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴盐]（MTT）测定法在猴肾上皮细胞系中进行细胞毒性试验。使用标准分析方法进行了定性植物化学筛选。
结果
植物提取物的植物化学筛选显示存在生物碱、类黄酮、单宁、类固醇、三萜、糖苷和皂苷。然而，大多数植物提取物中都没有生物碱。非洲没药（茎皮）的二氯甲烷提取物；对叶榕（茎皮）和对叶榕（全茎）的甲醇提取物均显示出有希望的体外抗疟活性。其他所有提取物均未显示出任何显著的抗疟活性。基于体外研究，最有前途的两种提取物是非洲没药（茎皮）的二氯甲烷提取物和对叶榕（茎皮）的甲醇提取物，在小鼠模型中均表现出非常显著的抗疟活性。它们的寄生虫抑制率分别为 64.24%和 53.12%，并且体重和存活率都有显著提高。除了对叶榕（全茎）的二氯甲烷提取物 CC（29.44µg/mL）外，大多数植物提取物均无细胞毒性。
结论
本研究的结果为坦桑尼亚阿鲁沙地区马赛人用这些植物治疗疟疾的传统用法提供了科学依据。因此，进一步的工作包括基于生物测定的分离和更先进的毒性测试，可能会从这两种植物中产生新的抗疟药物候选物。
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