Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 171, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO, 80217-3364, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Campus Box 52, P.O. Box 173362, Denver, CO, 80217-3362, USA.
Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2019 Mar;115:96-107. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.02.008. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
All mycobacteria, including nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), synthesize an array of lipids including phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIM), lipomannan (LM), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). While absent from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), glycopeptidolipids (GPL) are critical to the biology of NTM. M. tb and some NTM also synthesize trehalose-containing glycolipids and phenolic glycolipids (PGL), key membrane constituents with essential roles in metabolism. While lipids facilitate immune evasion, they also induce host immunity against tuberculosis. However, much less is known about the significance of NTM-derived PIM, LM, LAM, GPL, trehalose-containing glycolipids, and PGL as virulence factors, warranting further investigation. While culling the scientific literature on NTM lipids, it's evident that such studies were relatively few in number with the overwhelming majority of prior work dedicated to understanding lipids from the saprophyte Mycobacterium smegmatis. The identification and functional analysis of immune reactive NTM-derived lipids remain challenging, but such work is likely to yield a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of NTM lung disease. In this review, we juxtapose the vast literature of what is currently known regarding M. tb lipids to the lesser number of studies for comparable NTM lipids. But because GPL is the most widely recognized NTM lipid, we highlight its role in disease pathogenesis.
所有分枝杆菌，包括非结核分枝杆菌（NTM），都合成一系列脂质，包括磷酸肌醇甘露糖（PIM）、脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖（LM）和脂阿拉伯聚糖（LAM）。虽然结核分枝杆菌（M. tb）中不存在糖脂，但糖肽脂（GPL）对 NTM 的生物学特性至关重要。M. tb 和一些 NTM 还合成含有海藻糖的糖脂和酚甘油醚（PGL），这些是代谢中必不可少的关键膜成分。虽然脂质有助于免疫逃逸，但它们也诱导宿主对结核病产生免疫。然而，对于 NTM 衍生的 PIM、LM、LAM、GPL、含有海藻糖的糖脂和 PGL 作为毒力因子的意义知之甚少，值得进一步研究。在梳理 NTM 脂质的科学文献时，显然这样的研究数量相对较少，绝大多数先前的工作都致力于了解腐生分枝杆菌分枝杆菌的脂质。免疫反应性 NTM 衍生脂质的鉴定和功能分析仍然具有挑战性，但此类工作可能会更深入地了解 NTM 肺病的发病机制。在这篇综述中，我们将目前已知的关于 M. tb 脂质的大量文献与数量较少的关于可比 NTM 脂质的研究进行了对比。但是，由于 GPL 是最广泛认可的 NTM 脂质，我们突出了它在疾病发病机制中的作用。
