Mangir Naside, Roman Sabiniano, MacNeil Sheila
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, UK.
Curr Opin Urol. 2019 Jul;29(4):419-425. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000621.
Interactions between biomaterials and biomaterial-delivering cells and the host tissues are complexly affected by the material itself, the ultrastructure of the overall construct and cells and other bioactive factors involved. The aim of this review is to review the current understanding on the definitions of biocompatibility and current advances in improving biocompatability of tissue-engineered constructs.
Some synthetic materials are associated with more foreign body reactions compared with natural materials; however, they allow fabrication of materials with a great diversity of physical and mechanical properties. Material design strategies can be tailored to mimic the natural extracellular matrix topography. There are also advancements in the pharmacological functionalization of materials with improved angiogenic potential that can lead to better tissue response. Stem cells are also used to improve the tissue response of tissue-engineered materials; however, the recent regulations on regenerative medicine products necessitate significant regulatory approval processes for these.
The biggest challenge faced in translation of tissue-engineered constructs into clinical practice relates to their engraftment and poor tissue integration into the challenging wound bed of the pelvic floor. Biocompatibility of tissue engineered constructs can theoretically be improved by the incorporation of bioactive agents, such as vitamins C or oestradiol.
生物材料与递送生物材料的细胞以及宿主组织之间的相互作用受到材料本身、整体构建体的超微结构、细胞及其他相关生物活性因子的复杂影响。本综述旨在回顾目前对生物相容性定义的理解以及在提高组织工程构建体生物相容性方面的最新进展。
与天然材料相比，一些合成材料会引发更多的异物反应；然而，它们能够制造出具有多种物理和机械性能的材料。材料设计策略可进行调整以模仿天然细胞外基质的形貌。在具有改善血管生成潜力的材料的药理功能化方面也取得了进展，这可带来更好的组织反应。干细胞也被用于改善组织工程材料的组织反应；然而，近期对再生医学产品的监管要求对这些产品进行严格的监管审批。
将组织工程构建体转化为临床实践面临的最大挑战在于其植入以及在具有挑战性的盆底伤口床中组织整合不佳。理论上，通过加入生物活性剂，如维生素C或雌二醇，可提高组织工程构建体的生物相容性。
