State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Water Res. 2019 Jun 15;157:247-257. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.072. Epub 2019 Mar 30.
Effluents containing disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may be discharged to the receiving water bodies or reused for irrigation, landscaping, and environmental supplies as well as a source to replenish groundwater. Thus the formation and risk of the DBPs in disinfected wastewater effluents should be concerned. In this study, the occurrence of 44 DBPs including 6 trihalomethanes (THMs), 9 haloaceticacids (HAAs), 2 haloketones (HKs), 9 halonitromethanes (HNMs), 9 haloacetonitriles (HANs) and 9 nitrosamines (NAs) was investigated in 12 chlorinated WWTP effluents from five cities of East China. The contribution of each class of DBPs to the total DBPs concentration and additive toxicity was calculated. The average concentrations of the 6 classes of DBPs were ranked as follows: HAAs (47.0 μg/L) > THMs (28.0 μg/L) > HANs (9.9 μg/L) > HNMs (2.9 μg/L) > HKs (0.79 μg/L) > NAs (0.69 μg/L). The significant positive correlations were observed between the formation of THMs and HAAs, THMs and HANs, as well as HAAs and HANs. The results showed that HAAs and THMs were the dominant DBPs on a mass concentration basis and accounted for 54% and 29%, respectively in the total measured DBPs, but they made a minor contribution to the calculated DBP-associated cytotoxicity. HANs and NAs dominated the DBP-associated cytotoxicity, accounting for 50% and 34% on an additive toxicity basis despite the minor contributions to the mass concentration with 10% and 1%, respectively. The risk quotients for three taxonomic groups (fish, daphnid, and green algae) were calculated to assess the ecological risk of DBPs, and the results demonstrated that both HAAs and HANs had high ecological risk for green algae in chlorinated wastewater effluents.
污水处理厂（WWTP）废水中含有消毒副产物（DBPs），可能会排放到受纳水体中，或者用于灌溉、景观美化和环境供应，以及补充地下水。因此，应关注消毒废水中 DBPs 的形成和风险。本研究调查了华东五市 12 个氯化 WWTP 出水中 44 种 DBPs 的情况，包括 6 种三卤甲烷（THMs）、9 种卤乙酸（HAAs）、2 种卤酮（HKs）、9 种卤硝基甲烷（HNMs）、9 种卤乙腈（HANs）和 9 种亚硝胺（NAs）。计算了各 DBPs 类别对总 DBPs 浓度和加性毒性的贡献。6 类 DBPs 的平均浓度排序如下：HAAs（47.0μg/L）>THMs（28.0μg/L）>HANs（9.9μg/L）>HNMs（2.9μg/L）>HKs（0.79μg/L）>NAs（0.69μg/L）。THMs 和 HAAs、THMs 和 HANs 以及 HAAs 和 HANs 之间存在显著的正相关关系。结果表明，HAAs 和 THMs 是基于质量浓度的主要 DBPs，分别占总测量 DBPs 的 54%和 29%，但它们对计算的 DBPs 相关细胞毒性的贡献较小。HANs 和 NAs 主导 DBPs 相关细胞毒性，尽管对质量浓度的贡献较小，分别为 10%和 1%，但在加性毒性基础上分别占 50%和 34%。计算了三个分类群（鱼类、水蚤和绿藻）的风险商数，以评估 DBPs 的生态风险，结果表明，HAAs 和 HANs 对氯化废水处理厂中的绿藻均具有高生态风险。
