Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2019 Oct;29:160-167. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 14.
Salient-but-irrelevant objects have the potential to distract attention. Objects are salient if they differ from their surround in some feature dimension, such as shape, orientation, or motion. One way to reduce distraction, therefore, is to attenuate all saliency signals from the respective feature dimension. This mechanism, or strategy, which follows from a broader theory of attentional selection termed Dimension-Weighting Account (DWA), is very powerful, as evidenced by the massive distractor interference observed when it is ineligible. However, it also consumes scarce cognitive resources, so that it is not always employed and often complemented by other mechanisms of distractor handling. These alternative mechanisms might be less effective and/or have negative side effects.
显著但不相关的物体有可能分散注意力。如果物体在某些特征维度（如形状、方向或运动）上与周围环境不同，那么它们就是显著的。因此，减少注意力分散的一种方法是减弱相应特征维度的所有显著信号。这种机制或策略源自一种更广泛的注意力选择理论，称为维度加权理论（DWA），它非常强大，因为当它不适用时，会观察到大量的分心干扰。然而，它也消耗了稀缺的认知资源，因此它并不总是被使用，而且经常被分心处理的其他机制所补充。这些替代机制可能效果较差和/或有负面副作用。
