Feng Wenwen, Zhang Jing, Jakovlić Ivan, Xiong Fan, Wu Shangong, Zou Hong, Li Wenxiang, Li Ming, Wang Guitang
Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
AMB Express. 2019 Apr 6;9(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s13568-019-0770-0.
Although dynamics of the complex microbial ecosystem populating the gastrointestinal tract of animals has profound and multifaceted impacts on host's metabolism and health, it remains unclear whether it is the intrinsic or extrinsic factors that play a more dominant role in mediating the composition of intestinal microbiota. To address this, we studied the impacts of two strikingly different diets on a herbivorous fish, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus): a high-protein, low-fiber formula feed, and low-protein, high-fiber Sudan grass. After a 16-week feeding trial, microbial profiles of midgut and hindgut segments in both groups were compared. Bacterial composition was significantly different between the midguts of both groups, but not between the hindguts of two groups. Both PerMANOVA and VPA analyses suggested that gut segments explain a higher proportion of variation in intestinal microbiota than diet. Overall, our results suggest that intestinal compartments are a stronger determinant than diet in shaping the intestinal microbiota. Specifically, whereas diet has a strong impact on the composition of microbiota in proximal gut compartments, this impact is much less pronounced distally, which is likely to be a reflection of a limited ability of some microbial taxa to thrive in the anoxic environment in distal segments.
尽管动物胃肠道中复杂微生物生态系统的动态变化对宿主的新陈代谢和健康有着深远而多方面的影响，但在介导肠道微生物群组成方面，究竟是内在因素还是外在因素发挥更主导的作用仍不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了两种截然不同的饮食对一种草食性鱼类——草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）的影响：一种是高蛋白、低纤维的配方饲料，另一种是低蛋白、高纤维的苏丹草。经过16周的饲养试验，比较了两组中肠和后肠段的微生物谱。两组中肠的细菌组成有显著差异，但两组后肠的细菌组成没有差异。PERMANOVA分析和方差分解分析（VPA）均表明，肠道节段比饮食能解释肠道微生物群中更高比例的变异。总体而言，我们的结果表明，在塑造肠道微生物群方面，肠道区域比饮食是更强的决定因素。具体来说，虽然饮食对近端肠道区域微生物群的组成有很大影响，但这种影响在远端要小得多，这可能反映了一些微生物类群在远端节段缺氧环境中生长的能力有限。
