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“协助死亡”算是自杀吗?

Is "aid in dying" suicide?

作者信息

Reed Philip

机构信息

Canisius College, Buffalo, NY, USA.

出版信息

Theor Med Bioeth. 2019 Apr;40(2):123-139. doi: 10.1007/s11017-019-09485-w.

Abstract

The practice whereby terminally ill patients choose to end their own lives painlessly by ingesting a drug prescribed by a physician has commonly been referred to as physician-assisted suicide. There is, however, a strong trend forming that seeks to deny that this act should properly be termed suicide. The purpose of this paper is to examine and reject the view that the term suicide should be abandoned in reference to what has been called physician-assisted suicide. I argue that there are no good conceptual or philosophical reasons to avoid the suicide label. I contend that intending one's death is essential to the nature of suicide, and this intention is normally required on the part of the terminally ill patient when she knowingly takes a life-ending drug. Additionally, the analysis shows that any plausible strategy that avoids the term suicide is counteracted by the way in which advocates of the practice want to make it legal.

摘要

绝症患者通过服用医生开的药来选择无痛结束自己生命的做法通常被称为医生协助自杀。然而,目前正在形成一种强烈的趋势,试图否认这种行为应被恰当地称为自杀。本文的目的是审视并驳斥那种认为在提及所谓的医生协助自杀时应摒弃“自杀”这一术语的观点。我认为,不存在合理的概念或哲学理由来避免使用“自杀”这一标签。我主张,意图导致自己死亡对于自杀的本质至关重要,而绝症患者在明知服用会终结生命的药物时通常就有这种意图。此外,分析表明,任何避免使用“自杀”一词的看似合理的策略都会被该行为的倡导者使其合法化的方式所抵消。

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