Onodera Yuya, Ichikawa Rino, Terao Kanta, Tanimoto Hiromu, Yamagata Nobuhiro
a Graduate School of Life Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan.
J Neurogenet. 2019 Mar-Jun;33(2):143-151. doi: 10.1080/01677063.2019.1593978. Epub 2019 Apr 8.
Reinforcement signals such as food reward and noxious punishment can change diverse behaviors. This holds true in fruit flies, , which can be conditioned by an odor and sugar reward or electric shock punishment. Despite a wide variety of behavior modulated by learning, conditioned responses have been traditionally measured by altered odor preference in a choice, and other memory-guided behaviors have been only scarcely investigated. Here, we analyzed detailed conditioned odor responses of flies after sugar associative learning by employing a video recording and semi-automated processing pipeline. Trajectory analyses revealed that multiple behavioral components were altered along with conditioned approach to the rewarded odor. Notably, we found that lateral wing extension, a hallmark of courtship behavior of , was robustly increased specifically in the presence of the rewarded odor. Strikingly, genetic disruption of the mushroom body output did not impair conditioned courtship increase, while markedly weakening conditioned odor approach. Our results highlight the complexity of conditioned responses and their distinct regulatory mechanisms that may underlie coordinated yet complex memory-guided behaviors in flies.
诸如食物奖励和有害惩罚等强化信号可以改变多种行为。这在果蝇中也是如此，果蝇可以通过气味和糖奖励或电击惩罚进行条件反射。尽管学习可以调节各种各样的行为，但传统上条件反应是通过选择中改变的气味偏好来衡量的，而其他记忆引导行为则很少被研究。在这里，我们通过采用视频记录和半自动处理流程，分析了果蝇在糖联想学习后的详细条件气味反应。轨迹分析表明，随着对奖励气味的条件性接近，多个行为成分发生了改变。值得注意的是，我们发现，果蝇求偶行为的一个标志——侧翼伸展，在有奖励气味的情况下会显著增强。令人惊讶的是，蘑菇体输出的基因破坏并没有损害条件性求偶行为的增加，而显著削弱了条件性气味接近行为。我们的结果突出了条件反应的复杂性及其独特的调节机制，这些机制可能是果蝇中协调但复杂的记忆引导行为的基础。
