Loder Randall T
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Riley Children's Hospital, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, ROC 4250, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
Heliyon. 2019 Mar 20;5(3):e01360. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01360. eCollection 2019 Mar.
Dog bites are a significant public health issue. There is no comprehensive study of dog bite demographics. It was the purpose of this study to perform such an analysis across the US. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program data for the years 2005 through 2013 was accessed; dog bite injuries were extracted and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed with SUDAAN 11.0.01™ software to account for the weighted, stratified nature of the data. Incidence values were calculated using population data from the US Census Bureau. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. There was an average 337,103 ED visits each year for dog bites. The average age was 28.9 years; 52.6% were male and 47.4% female. The bites were located on the upper extremity in 47.3%, head/neck in 26.8%, lower extremity in 21.5%, and trunk in 4.4%. Younger patients had more bites involving the head/neck, while older patients the upper extremity. More occurred in the summer and on weekends and 80.2% occurred at home. Hospital admission occurred in 1.7%. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the odds of admission was solely dependent upon the age group. The OR for admission was 11.03 [4.68, 26.01] for those >85 years of age, 4.88 [2.89, 8.24] 75-84 years, and 2.79 [1.77, 4.39] those ≤4 years of age, with the 10-14 year age group the reference group. The average annual incidence was 1.1 per 1,000, and was slightly higher in males (1.18 vs 1.02 per 1,000). The estimated cost was at least 400 million US$ per year. Potential prevention strategies are educational programs directed at both children and parents/caretakers outlining the responsibilities of owning a dog. This information can be disseminated in health care facilities, radio/TV/Internet venues, and dog kennels/shelters.
犬咬伤是一个重大的公共卫生问题。目前尚无关于犬咬伤人情况的全面研究。本研究旨在对美国全国范围内的此类情况进行分析。我们获取了2005年至2013年国家电子伤害监测系统全伤害项目的数据；提取并分析了犬咬伤受伤情况。使用SUDAAN 11.0.01™软件进行统计分析，以考虑数据的加权、分层特性。发病率数值使用美国人口普查局的人口数据进行计算。P值<0.05被视为具有统计学意义。每年因犬咬伤平均有337,103人次前往急诊室就诊。平均年龄为28.9岁；男性占52.6%，女性占47.4%。咬伤部位在上肢的占47.3%，头部/颈部占26.8%，下肢占21.5%，躯干占4.4%。年轻患者头部/颈部被咬的情况较多，而老年患者上肢被咬的情况较多。更多咬伤事件发生在夏季和周末，80.2%发生在家中。住院率为1.7%。逻辑回归分析表明，住院几率仅取决于年龄组。85岁以上人群的住院比值比（OR）为11.03 [4.68, 26.01]，75 - 84岁人群为4.88 [2.89, 8.24]，≤4岁人群为2.79 [1.77, 4.39]，以10 - 14岁年龄组作为参照组。年平均发病率为每1000人中有1.1例，男性略高于女性（每1000人分别为1.18例和1.02例）。估计每年成本至少为4亿美元。潜在的预防策略是针对儿童以及家长/照顾者开展教育项目，明确养狗的责任。这些信息可在医疗机构、广播/电视/互联网平台以及犬舍/收容所进行传播。
