Strach E H
Prog Pediatr Surg. 1986;20:215-37. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-70825-1_16.
This is a study of the history of club-foot from ancient times up to the present. It embraces not only the clinical aspects of the deformity but also its social implications, particularly of its early history when the attitude of society towards the lame and crippled in general and to foot deformities in particular is discussed. Relevant references from Greek mythology and also from the Old Testament are quoted. A close study is made of the old Chinese custom of foot-binding which produced club-foot like deformities which became a symbol of social standing. Inevitably, like most other medical conditions, club-foot has been well described by Hippocrates and it is a sobering thought that his concepts of causation and his principles of treatment are as valid today as they were 2300 years ago. This paper also briefly describes club-foot in history and art. Encouraged by society's compassionate approach towards the cripple, famous painters of the 17th century produced sympathetic portraits of the deformed and the club-footed. Well-known personalities who suffered from club-foot, such as Lord Byron and Sir Walter Scott, are mentioned and it is shown how the deformity affected them. The saga of the physician and surgeon W.J. Little, himself afflicted by club-foot, is unfolded. His life was dedicated to the study and relief of his own deformity and later he devoted his efforts towards the cure of his fellow sufferers. W.J. Little has done so much for the advancement of orthopaedic surgery that Sir Robert Jones called him the father of orthopaedic surgery; yet at heart W.J. Little was a physician! Another physician, Nicholas André, deserves the title of father of orthopaedic surgery. He coined the word 'orthopaedia' and laid down the principles of preventing and correcting deformities and he detailed the conservative management of club-foot. The treatment of the deformity came into the hands of bone setters and instrument makers and it was almost beneath the dignity of a surgeon to treat it. Yet, with the advent of tenotomy, popularised by Little, surgical treatment of the condition increased, aided by the development of antiseptic and aseptic technique and anaesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
这是一项关于先天性马蹄内翻足从古至今历史的研究。它不仅涵盖了该畸形的临床方面，还包括其社会影响，特别是在早期历史中，探讨了社会对瘸子和残疾人总体上以及对足部畸形尤其是先天性马蹄内翻足的态度。文中引用了希腊神话以及《旧约全书》中的相关记载。对中国古代缠足习俗进行了深入研究，缠足会导致类似先天性马蹄内翻足的畸形，而这种畸形成为了社会地位的一种象征。不可避免地，和大多数其他病症一样，希波克拉底对先天性马蹄内翻足已有详尽描述，令人深思的是，他关于病因的概念和治疗原则在今天依然像2300年前一样有效。本文还简要介绍了历史和艺术中的先天性马蹄内翻足。受社会对残疾人同情态度的鼓舞，17世纪的著名画家创作了对畸形者和先天性马蹄内翻足患者充满同情的画像。文中提到了诸如拜伦勋爵和沃尔特·司各特爵士等患有先天性马蹄内翻足的知名人士，并展示了这种畸形对他们的影响。讲述了内科医生兼外科医生W.J.利特尔的传奇经历，他本人就患有先天性马蹄内翻足。他一生致力于研究并缓解自己的畸形状况，后来又致力于治疗其他患者。W.J.利特尔为整形外科的发展做出了巨大贡献，以至于罗伯特·琼斯爵士称他为整形外科之父；然而，从本质上讲，W.J.利特尔是一名内科医生！另一位内科医生尼古拉斯·安德烈也当之无愧地享有整形外科之父的称号。他创造了“orthopaedia”这个词，奠定了预防和纠正畸形的原则，并详细阐述了先天性马蹄内翻足的保守治疗方法。畸形的治疗落入了接骨师和器械制造商手中，外科医生治疗这种疾病几乎有失身份。然而，随着利特尔推广的腱切断术的出现，在防腐、无菌技术和麻醉技术发展的辅助下，该病症的外科治疗有所增加。（摘要截选至400字）
