Lauterbach Maximilian, Veranso-Libalah Marie Claire, Sukhorukov Alexander P, Kadereit Gudrun
Institut für Molekulare Physiologie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz Germany.
Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2019 Feb 19;9(6):3539-3552. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4987. eCollection 2019 Mar.
Using the extremophile genus , which includes c. 28 succulent, xerophytic C species, and is widely distributed in arid regions of Northern Africa, Arabia, and Asia, we investigate biogeographical relationships between the Irano-Turanian floristic region (ITfr) and its neighboring regions. We test whether the spread of arid and semi-arid biomes in Eurasia coincides with the biogeography of this drought-adapted genus, and whether the ITfr acted as source area of floristic elements for adjacent regions.
Deserts and semi-deserts of Northern Africa, Mediterranean, Arabia, West and Central Asia.
Four cpDNA markers ( intron, and spacers) were sequenced for 58 accessions representing 21 species. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times were inferred using maximum likelihood and a time-calibrated Bayesian approach. To document the extant distribution of , material from 23 herbaria was surveyed resulting in 441 well-documented collections used for the coding of eight floristic regions. Using this coded data, ancestral range was estimated using "BioGeoBEARS" under the DEC model.
originated during the Late Miocene and the ancestral range was probably widespread and disjunct between Western Mediterranean and the Irano-Turanian regions. Diversification started with two divergence events at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (5.1 and 4.5 mya) leading to Asian clade I with ITfr origin which is sister to a slightly younger Asian clade II, which originated in the Western ITfr, and a Mediterranean/North African clade with an origin in the Western Mediterranean.
did not follow aridification and continuously expanded its distribution area, in fact its probably wide ancestral distribution area seems to have been fragmented during the very Late Miocene and the remnant lineages then expanded into neighboring arid regions. This genus supports the role of the ITfr as source area for xerophytic elements in the Mediterranean and Central Asia.
利用包含约28种肉质旱生C物种且广泛分布于北非、阿拉伯半岛和亚洲干旱地区的嗜极菌属，我们研究了伊朗 - 图兰植物区系区域（ITfr）与其邻近区域之间的生物地理关系。我们检验了欧亚大陆干旱和半干旱生物群落的扩散是否与这个适应干旱的属的生物地理学一致，以及ITfr是否作为相邻区域植物区系成分的源区。
北非、地中海、阿拉伯半岛、西亚和中亚的沙漠及半沙漠地区。
对代表21个物种的58份材料的四个叶绿体DNA（cpDNA）标记（内含子、 和间隔区）进行测序。使用最大似然法和时间校准的贝叶斯方法推断系统发育关系和分歧时间。为记录该属的现存分布，对来自23个植物标本馆的材料进行了调查，得到441份记录完善的标本，用于八个植物区系区域的编码。利用这些编码数据，在DEC模型下使用“BioGeoBEARS”估计祖先分布范围。
该属起源于晚中新世，祖先分布范围可能广泛且在地中海西部和伊朗 - 图兰地区之间间断分布。多样化始于中新世/上新世边界（510万年前和450万年前）的两次分歧事件，导致起源于ITfr的亚洲分支I，它是稍年轻的起源于ITfr西部的亚洲分支II的姐妹分支，以及起源于地中海西部的地中海/北非分支。
该属并未随着干旱化而分布范围持续扩大，事实上其可能广泛的祖先分布范围似乎在极晚中新世期间碎片化，然后残余谱系扩展到邻近的干旱地区。这个属支持了ITfr作为地中海和中亚旱生植物区系成分源区的作用。
