Dobroch Jakub, Cieśluk Klaudia, Sawicka-Żukowska Małgorzata, Krawczuk-Rybak Maryna
Students' Scientific Group, Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Oncology, and Haematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2018;24(4):185-190. doi: 10.5114/pedm.2018.83365.
Overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome in paediatrics represent issues of increasing importance. To complete diagnostics and extend patient monitoring, body composition measurements can be used. Nowadays there are a number of methods that allow the esti-mation of the content of individual tissues. Their accuracy and replicability, contributing to the measurement's credibility, are the subject of numerous scientific publications. While choosing a method, one has to know its basic assumptions and be aware of the assets and weaknesses, as well as its cost. The mentioned aspects will be discussed in this article. Reference methods considered as most precise are multicomponent models (3C, 4C), requiring several (usually three) measurements with the use of various devices, which improves the precision of calculating the fraction of a given body composition component (fat, water, minerals, and/or protein). Therefore, the need to estimate tissue content with mathematical models can be minimised. The choice of the methods forming a multicomponent model differs depending on the place of the examination. However, the 3C and 4C models are time-consuming and require sustained coopera-tion with young patients. Moreover, measurements can only be taken by trained staff that use expensive, specialised equipment. The examination cost can be reduced by the use of screening methods, such as anthropometrics and more advanced bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Due to published comparisons with reference methods, the precision limits of screening methods are known. However, when executed correctly, measurements obtained with these methods have an acceptable replicability and can become a valuable tool in everyday practice.
超重、肥胖和代谢综合征在儿科领域正变得越来越重要。为了完成诊断并加强对患者的监测，可以采用身体成分测量方法。如今，有多种方法可用于估计各个组织的含量。这些方法的准确性和可重复性决定了测量结果的可信度，也是众多科学出版物的主题。在选择方法时，必须了解其基本假设，清楚其优点和缺点以及成本。本文将讨论上述方面。被认为最精确的参考方法是多组分模型（3C、4C），需要使用各种设备进行多次（通常为三次）测量，这提高了计算给定身体成分组分（脂肪、水、矿物质和/或蛋白质）比例的精度。因此，可以尽量减少使用数学模型估计组织含量的需求。构成多组分模型的方法选择因检查地点而异。然而，3C和4C模型耗时较长，需要与年轻患者持续合作。此外，测量只能由经过培训的人员使用昂贵的专业设备进行。使用人体测量学和更先进的生物电阻抗分析（BIA）等筛查方法可以降低检查成本。由于已发表的与参考方法的比较，筛查方法的精度极限是已知的。然而，如果执行正确，用这些方法获得的测量结果具有可接受的可重复性，并且可以成为日常实践中的一种有价值的工具。
