Zhang Yingwei, Pan Victor, Li Xue, Yang Xueqin, Li Haofei, Wang Pengfei, Ke Yonggang
Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
Small. 2019 Jun;15(26):e1900228. doi: 10.1002/smll.201900228. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
Dynamic DNA structures, a type of DNA construct built using programmable DNA self-assembly, have the capability to reconfigure their conformations in response to environmental stimulation. A general strategy to design dynamic DNA structures is to integrate reconfigurable elements into conventional static DNA structures that may be assembled from a variety of methods including DNA origami and DNA tiles. Commonly used reconfigurable elements range from strand displacement reactions, special structural motifs, target-binding DNA aptamers, and base stacking components, to DNA conformational change domains, etc. Morphological changes of dynamic DNA structures may be visualized by imaging techniques or may be translated to other detectable readout signals (e.g., fluorescence). Owing to their programmable capability of recognizing environmental cues with high specificity, dynamic DNA structures embody the epitome of robust and versatile systems that hold great promise in sensing and imaging biological analytes, in delivering molecular cargos, and in building programmable systems that are able to conduct sophisticated tasks.
动态DNA结构是一种利用可编程DNA自组装构建的DNA构建体，能够响应环境刺激重新配置其构象。设计动态DNA结构的一般策略是将可重构元件整合到传统的静态DNA结构中，这些静态DNA结构可以通过包括DNA折纸和DNA瓦片在内的多种方法进行组装。常用的可重构元件包括链置换反应、特殊结构基序、靶向结合DNA适体、碱基堆积成分以及DNA构象变化结构域等。动态DNA结构的形态变化可以通过成像技术可视化，也可以转化为其他可检测的读出信号（如荧光）。由于其具有以高特异性识别环境线索的可编程能力，动态DNA结构体现了强大且通用的系统的缩影，在传感和成像生物分析物、递送分子货物以及构建能够执行复杂任务的可编程系统方面具有巨大潜力。
