Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Coastal Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2019 Dec;75(12):3226-3234. doi: 10.1002/ps.5443. Epub 2019 May 15.
A key element of conservation biocontrol is identifying and limiting the use of pesticides that have substantial non-target effects on natural enemies to prevent biocontrol disruption. The Phytoseiidae (predatory mites) are one of the most studied natural enemy groups in the field of pesticide non-target effects. Although there is substantial research on the non-target effects of insecticides on arthropod natural enemies, research on herbicide impacts is limited. Natural enemies, including phytoseiids, associate with weeds due to the presence of alternative prey, shelter, or floral resources. Therefore, a whole-systems approach to integrated pest management should integrate weed management with biocontrol. We conducted a study to examine the non-target effects of vegetable herbicides on Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, and the primary pest that it controls, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Two assays were used to assess the effects of direct application and walking on residues.
In both assays, S-metolachlor was highly toxic to P. persimilis (80-90% mortality) and had minimal effect on T. urticae. Dicamba, oxyfluorfen, and napropamide also caused moderate levels of P. persimilis mortality (21-74%). Check mortality of P. persimilis was higher in the direct contact assay (19%) than the residue assay (3%).
Halosulfuron-methyl, flumioxazin, and mesotrione were the most compatible herbicides with biocontrol by P. persimilis, whereas S-metolachlor and napropamide were the least compatible. We also determined that the residue assay may be more useful than direct contact slide-dips for future assessment of herbicide non-target effects. Future efforts should continue to examine the impacts of weed management on natural enemies to better integrate pest management practices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
保护生物防治的一个关键要素是识别和限制对自然天敌有重大非靶标效应的农药的使用，以防止生物防治的破坏。植绥螨科（捕食性螨）是农药非靶标效应领域研究最多的天敌类群之一。尽管有大量关于杀虫剂对节肢动物天敌非靶标效应的研究，但对除草剂影响的研究有限。由于存在替代猎物、庇护所或花卉资源，包括植绥螨在内的天敌会与杂草有关。因此，综合虫害管理的整体系统方法应该将杂草管理与生物防治相结合。我们进行了一项研究，以检验蔬菜除草剂对智利小植绥螨和它控制的主要害虫二斑叶螨的非靶标效应。使用两种测定方法来评估直接应用和行走在残留物上的效果。
在这两种测定中，甲磺胺草醚对智利小植绥螨（80-90%死亡率）具有高毒性，对二斑叶螨的影响最小。二甲戊灵、乙氧氟草醚和萘丙胺也会导致智利小植绥螨中等程度的死亡率（21-74%）。在直接接触测定中，智利小植绥螨的对照死亡率（19%）高于残留测定（3%）。
甲磺隆、氟噁草酮和麦草畏是与智利小植绥螨生物防治最兼容的除草剂，而甲磺胺草醚和萘丙胺则最不兼容。我们还确定，残留测定可能比直接接触滑动浸渍更有助于未来评估除草剂的非靶标效应。未来的工作应继续研究杂草管理对天敌的影响，以更好地整合害虫管理实践。 © 2019 化学工业协会。
