Bolfa Pompei, Callanan John J, Ketzis Jenifer, Marchi Silvia, Cheng Trista, Huynh Hieuhanh, Lavinder Tiffany, Boey Kenneth, Hamilton Clare, Kelly Patrick
Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).
Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2019 May;31(3):343-349. doi: 10.1177/1040638719843638. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
Free-roaming chickens on Caribbean islands are important sentinels for local avian diseases and those introduced by birds migrating through the Americas. We studied 81 apparently healthy unvaccinated free-roaming chickens from 9 parishes on St. Kitts, an eastern Caribbean island. Using commercial ELISAs, no chickens had antibodies against avian influenza virus, West Nile virus, or Salmonella Enteritidis, although seropositivity was high to infectious bursal disease virus (86%), infectious bronchitis virus (84%), Mycoplasma (37%), and avian avulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus, 31%). Examination of small and large intestinal contents revealed cestodes in 79% and nematodes in 75% of the chickens. Although ectoparasites and endoparasites were common (74% and 79%, respectively), only a few chickens had lesions at postmortem examination, mainly intestinal serosal nodules (12%) and feather loss (6%). Histologic examination of 18 organs from each bird revealed lesions in high percentages of organs, mainly the liver (86%), lung (75%), spleen (60%), small intestine (56%), skin (42%), and kidney (40%). Lesions included degenerative, reactive, inflammatory, and neoplastic, and were not correlated with the serologic status of the chickens except in one case of infectious bursal disease. Microscopically, Paratanaisia bragai was seen in the kidneys of 3 chickens and intestinal coccidiasis in 1 chicken. Pulmonary silicate aggregates were common, were present in intestinal serosal nodules, and were suggestive of environmental exposure.
加勒比岛屿上的自由放养家禽是当地禽类疾病以及鸟类迁徙途经美洲时引入疾病的重要哨兵。我们研究了来自东加勒比海圣基茨岛9个教区的81只表面健康且未接种疫苗的自由放养鸡。使用商用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测发现，没有鸡对禽流感病毒、西尼罗河病毒或肠炎沙门氏菌产生抗体，不过对传染性法氏囊病病毒（86%）、传染性支气管炎病毒（84%）、支原体（37%）和禽副黏病毒1型（新城疫病毒，31%）的血清阳性率很高。对小肠和大肠内容物的检查发现，79%的鸡体内有绦虫，75%的鸡体内有线虫。虽然体表寄生虫和体内寄生虫都很常见（分别为74%和79%），但只有少数鸡在尸检时有病变，主要是肠浆膜结节（12%）和羽毛脱落（6%）。对每只鸡的18个器官进行组织学检查发现，大部分器官都有病变，主要是肝脏（86%）、肺（75%）、脾脏（60%）、小肠（56%）、皮肤（[42%）和肾脏（40%）。病变包括变性、反应性、炎症性和肿瘤性病变，除了一例传染性法氏囊病外，这些病变与鸡的血清学状态无关。显微镜检查发现，3只鸡肾脏中有巴西副睾吸虫，1只鸡肠道中有球虫病。肺部硅酸盐聚集体很常见，存在于肠浆膜结节中，提示有环境暴露。
