Boulanger Nathalie
EA7290, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce, Groupe Borrelia, Facultés de Pharmacie et Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de bactériologie, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France - Centre National de Référence Borrelia, Plateau technique de Microbiologie, CHRU Strasbourg, 1 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
Biol Aujourdhui. 2018;212(3-4):107-117. doi: 10.1051/jbio/2019001. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
Ticks are the most important vectors of pathogens in human and veterinary medicine. These strictly haematophagous acarines produce a saliva containing a variety of bioactive molecules affecting host pharmacology and immunity. This process is vital for hard ticks to prevent rejection by the host during the blood meal that lasts several days. All actors involved in the immunity interplay are impacted by this saliva, the innate immunity being represented by resident and migrating immune cells, as well as the T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. The skin plays a key role in vector-borne diseases. During the long co-evolution with the tick, the infectious agents benefit from this favorable environment to be transmitted efficiently into the skin and to multiply in the vertebrate host. Therefore, the saliva is an important virulence booster, which enhances substantially their pathogenicity.
蜱虫是人类和兽医学中最重要的病原体传播媒介。这些严格以血液为食的螨类会分泌一种含有多种生物活性分子的唾液，这些分子会影响宿主的药理学和免疫功能。这一过程对于硬蜱在持续数天的吸血过程中防止被宿主排斥至关重要。免疫相互作用中涉及的所有因素都会受到这种唾液的影响，固有免疫由驻留和迁移的免疫细胞以及适应性免疫系统的T和B淋巴细胞代表。皮肤在媒介传播疾病中起关键作用。在与蜱虫的长期共同进化过程中，感染因子受益于这种有利环境，从而有效地传播到皮肤中并在脊椎动物宿主中繁殖。因此，唾液是一种重要的毒力增强剂，会大幅提高它们的致病性。
